The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical movement and postoperative orthodontic treatment (POT) of the surgery-first approach for the correction of skeletal class III malocclusion. The samples consisted of 11 patients with skeletal class III malocclusion who underwent nonextraction treatment and 2-jaw surgery (Le Fort I osteotomy impaction of the posterior maxilla, IPM; bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy setback of the mandible). The wafer was removed 4 weeks after surgery. Mean (SD) durations of POT and total treatment were 8.91 (3.14) and 12.18 (3.57) months, respectively. Lateral cephalograms were obtained during the initial examination (T0), immediately after surgery (T1), and after debonding (T2). Sixteen variables were measured. Paired t-test was performed for statistical analysis. The maxilla rotated clockwise, and the nasolabial angle increased by IPM (FH-palatal plane angle, FH-occlusal plane angle, P < 0.01; nasolabial angle, P < 0.05) and well maintained during POT. The mandible was repositioned backward by bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy setback of the mandible (SNB, Pog-N perp, P < 0.001) and relapsed forward during POT (SNB, P < 0.01; Pog-N perp, P < 0.05). U1-SN decreased by IPM (P < 0.001) and relapsed labially owing to class III mechanics during POT (P < 0.01); eventually, no significant difference was found between T0 and T2 stages. Although IMPA increased by POT, there was no significant difference between T0 and T2 stages. The mandible seems to relapse forward immediately after wafer removal and before labioversion of the lower incisors. Accurate prediction of POT is crucial in controlling dental alignment, incisor decompensation, arch coordination, and occlusal settling. Long-term wearing and selective grinding of the wafer for labioversion of the lower incisors and use of miniplates/miniscrews to control the inclination of the upper incisor and to prevent relapse of the mandible are needed.

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Objective: To investigate the distribution and phenotypes of hemifacial microsomia (HFM) and its association with other anomalies. Methods: This study included 249 Korean patients with HFM, whose charts, photographs, radiographs, and/or computed tomography scans acquired during 1998-2018 were available from Seoul National University Hospital and Dental Hospital. Prevalence according to sex, side involvement, degree of mandibular deformity, compensatory growth of the mandibular body, and Angle's classification, and its association with other anomalies were statistically analyzed. Results: Prevalence was not different between male and female patients (55.0% vs. 45.0%, p > 0.05). Unilateral HFM (UHFM) was more prevalent than bilateral HFM (BHFM) (86.3% vs. 13.7%, p < 0.001). Although distribution of the Pruzansky-Kaban types differed significantly in patients with UHFM (I, 53.0%; IIa, 18.6%; IIb, 24.7%; III, 3.7%; p < 0.001), no difference was observed in occurrence between the right and left sides (52.6% vs. 47.4%, p > 0.05). Among patients with BHFM, prevalence of different Pruzansky-Kaban types on the right and left sides was greater than that of the same type on both sides (67.6% vs. 32.4%, p < 0.05). Despite hypoplasia of the condyle/ramus complex, compensatory growth of the mandibular body on the ipsilateral side occurred in 35 patients (14.1%). Class I and II molar relationships were more prevalent than Class III molar relationships (93.2% vs. 6.8%, p < 0.001). Forty-eight patients (19.3%) had other anomalies, with 50.0% and 14.4% in the BHFM and UHFM groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Patients with HFM require individualized diagnosis and treatment planning because of diverse phenotypes and associations with other anomalies.

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