, respectively. The DNA G+C content was 38.1 mol% and the major respiratory quinone was MK-7. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 (38.6 %), C 15 : 0 2-OH (20.3 %) and C 15 : 0 (10.7 %). Growth was observed at 25-42 6C (optimum 30-37 6C) and at pH 6.5-9.5 (optimum pH 6.5-8.0). On the basis of polyphasic analysis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain Haldis-1 T represents a novel genus and species within the family Cryomorphaceae in the (Bowman et al., 2003;Lau et al., 2005;O'Sullivan et al., 2005). Molecular phylogenetic studies have found that phylotypes related to the family Cryomorphaceae are associated with phytoplankton blooms (Pinhassi et al., 2004;Grossart et al., 2005). In the process of investigating bacterial communities in abalone (Haliotis discus) under aquaculture for food, a novel Gram-stain-negative bacterium producing yelloworange pigments was isolated and investigated using a polyphasic approach.Strain Haldis-1 T was isolated from abalone flesh samples collected off the southern coast of Wando (34 u 189 N 126 u 459 E) in Korea by using a standard serial dilution plating method and incubation on marine agar 2216 (MA; Difco) at 25 u C for 5 days. Subcultivation was routinely performed on LB agar at 30 u C for 3 days under aerobic conditions and the strain was stored at 280 u C in marine broth (MB; Difco) supplemented with 15 % (v/v) glycerol for preservation.Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of strain Haldis-1 T was carried out as described by Lane (1991). The almost fulllength (1480 nt) 16S rRNA gene sequence was compared with sequences from GenBank using the BLAST program (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/) to determine an approximate phylogenetic affiliation, and aligned with sequences of closely related organisms by using the CLUSTAL W software program (Thompson et al., 1994). Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed by using the neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony algo-The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Haldis-1 T is FJ424814.

A novel Gram-negative, aerobic, motile, short rod-shaped bacterium, designated MS-3 T , was isolated from a crude oil-contaminated seashore in Taean, Korea. Strain T grew at 4-30 6C, at pH 6.0-9.5 and with 0-5 % NaCl and was oxidase-and catalase-positive. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain MS-3 T was most similar toPseudomonas marincola KMM 3042 T (97.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), P. Many novel Pseudomonas species have been reported and the classification of the genus Pseudomonas has been reassessed several times on the basis of physiological, molecular and phenotypic features (Sneath et al., 1981), DNA-DNA hybridization (Palleroni, 1984), 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (Anzai et al., 2000) and chemotaxonomic data (Oyaizu & Komagata, 1983; Vancanneyt et al., 1996). Members of the genus Pseudomonas are ubiquitous and the genus is metabolically possibly the most versatile known so far (Palleroni, 1993;Elkin & Geddes, 2003; Ló pezRomalde et al., 2003;Levitski-Heikkila & Ullian, 2005). A variety of human-made pollutants are degraded by many Pseudomonas strains (Kiyohara et al., 1992; Johnsen et al., 1996; Kahng et al., 2002;Stolz et al., 2007) T was isolated from an oil-contaminated marine coastal area and was found to be capable of degrading gasoline, diesel and kerosene. Further studies were performed to determine its taxonomic position.Water samples that were severely contaminated with crude oil were collected from the Taean coastal area in Korea in 2008. Enrichment cultures were performed in a basal salts medium (Mikesell et al., 1993) containing 0.25-2 % crude oil. Strain MS-3 T was isolated using a standard serial dilution-plating method on marine agar 2216 (MA; Difco) at 25 u C for 5 days. Strain MS-3 T was routinely subcultivated on LB agar (Difco) at 30 u C for 3 days under aerobicThe GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain T is FJ424813.A transmission electron micrograph of a cell of strain MS-3 T and results from slot-blot DNA-DNA hybridizations and GN2 MicroPlate assays for strain T and its closest relatives are available as supplementary material with the online version of this paper. conditions and stored at 280 u C in LB broth (Difco) supplemented with 15 % (v/v) glycerol.Genomic DNA from strain MS-3 T was extracted and purified by using a genomic DNA extraction kit (Bioneer) and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified using bacterial universal primers (Weisburg et al., 1991). Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was carried out as described by Lane (1991). The nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequence was compared with those available in GenBank using BLAST (http://www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast/) to determine the approximate phylogenetic affiliation. CLUSTAL W (Thompson et al., 1994) was used to align sequences from closely related taxa. Sequence similarity values were computed using Similarity Matrix version 1.1 (Ribosomal Database Project II; http://rdp.cme. msu.edu/index.jsp) (Cole et al., 2003) and the EzTaxon server (h...

A novel strictly aerobic, orange-pigmented, Gram-stain-negative bacterium, designated strain GJ16T, was isolated from coastal seawater of Gangjin Bay, the southernmost part of the Korean peninsula, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. It grew optimally at 25–30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 3 % NaCl. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain GJ16T formed a distinct lineage within the family Flavobacteriaceae and shared less than 91.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of the genera Leptobacterium, Zhouia, Winogradskyella, Dokdonia and Krokinobacter. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (40.2 %), iso-C15 : 1 G (12.8 %), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (11.2 %) and C15 : 0 (6.6 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 39.4 mol% and the major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was MK-6. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain GJ16T represents a novel species in a new genus in the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Gangjinia marincola gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is GJ16T (=KCTC 22649T =JCM 16082T).