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Chi-Square, Fischer's exact, student's t or Mann Whitney U tests as appropriate.RESULTS: 151 participants were enrolled and randomized into the study. 31 participants did not return their 24 hour VAS and were excluded. There was no difference in age, sex, stent duration, largest stone size, stone location, stone number, or initial VAS between groups (all >0.05). 3 of 120 (2.5%) of participants had severe pain (VAS >70) at follow-up. Opiate use did not differ between groups (12.5% vs 7.8%, p¼0.39), but patients who used opiates (n ¼ 12) had higher 24 hour VAS scores that those who did not (mean 32.1 mm in those using opiates, 4.9 mm in those not using opiates p<0.001) and a greater decrease in VAS (p¼ 0.004). 24 hour VAS scores were significantly lower in the treatment group (median VAS, 3.3 mm versus 0 mm, p¼0.04), but there was no difference between groups in the frequency of a change in VAS >20 (p¼0.20) or of patients with severe pain (p¼1.0).CONCLUSIONS: Though there was a statistically significant difference in 24 hour VAS between groups, it does not appear to be clinically relevant. Significant pain after ureteral stent removal appears to be a rare phenomenon not requiring prophylactic pain medication.

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