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EBUS-TIPNA can be done as a safe and successful procedure and adds to the armamentarium of Convex Probe-EBUS (CP-EBUS), in carefully selected patients.

Introduction: To evaluate and compare the amount of time required by three rotary NiTi instruments in removing gutta-percha from root canal during retreatment with hand file as control. Materials and Methods:Eighty human mandibular premolars with single straight root canals were prepared and obturated by cold lateral condensation with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer. After two weeks, the 80 teeth were divided into one control group and 3 retreatment groups (n = 20 each). Gutta-percha was removed using H-files, the D-RaCe, or the Mtwo or the R-Endo retreatment systems. Retreatment time was calculated using stopwatch.Results: D-RaCe and Mtwo required significantly less time than R-Endo and hand file. Hand file took maximum time, which was significantly slower than all groups. However, D-RaCe and Mtwo retreatment time was statistically insignificant.Conclusion: D-RaCe and Mtwo remove gutta-percha faster than R-Endo and Hand files.

Acalvaria is described as a rare congenital malformation in a 1-month-old female baby who presented with classical clinical features of soft, lax skull as a result of absent skull bones and associated muscles. Acalvaria is usually a fatal anomaly and is rarely discussed in English literature. Thus, we herein report a living case of acalvaria along with a review of the literature.

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