Diabetes mellitus is a typical life threatening of disease, which generate due to the dysfunction of β cells of pancreas. In 2014, WHO stated that 422 million people were infected with DM. The current pattern of management of diabetes included synthetic or plant based oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin but drug resentence is become a very big issues in antidiabetic therapy. Thus, it's very earnest to discover now medication for this disease. Now the days, it is well acknowledged that diabetic patients are more prone towards covid and related complications. Thus, medical practitioners reformed the methodology of prescribing medication for covid infected antidiabetic therapy and encouraging the medication contains dual pharmacological properties. It is also well know that polyphenols specifically hold a significant role in oxidative stress and reduced the severity of many inflammatory diseases. Cucumis melo has rich history as ethano-pharmacological use in Indian subcontinent. The fruit and seed are well-known for the treatment of various diseases due to the presence of phenolics. Therefore, in this study, the combined mixture of flower and seeds were used for the extraction of polyphenolic rich extract and tested for antidiabetic activity through the antioxidant and in vivo experiments. The antioxidant potential measurement exhibited that the selected plant extract has the significant competence to down-regulate oxidative stress (DPPH scavenging IC 50 at 60.7 � 1.05 μg/mL, ABTS IC 50 at 62.15 � 0.50 μg/mL). Furthermore, the major polyphenolic phyto-compounds derived from the Cucumis melo were used for in silico anticovid activity, docking, and complementarity studies. The anticovid activity prognosis reflected that selected phyto-compounds amentoflavone and vanillic acid have optimal possibility to interact with 3C-like protease and through this moderate anticovid activity can be exhibit. The docking experiments established that the selected compounds have propensity to interact with protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase β-glucuronidase receptor. In vivo experiments showed that 500 mg/kg, Cucumis melo extract ominously amplified body weight, plasma insulin, high-density lipoprotein levels, and biochemical markers. Furthermore, extract significantly downregulate the blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein.

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials (NMs) have diverse mechanical, chemical and optical properties due to which they have received a lot of attention in various fields such as biosensors, imaging, tissue engineering, drug delivery, etc. A thorough understanding of the synthetic procedure, physical properties and electrochemical properties of 2D materials will be quite useful in the development of novel and high-efficient electrocatalysts for the electroanalytical application of our interest. This review article summarises the synthesis and application of graphene, graphitic carbon nitride, transition metal dichalcogenides and phosphorene for electrochemical biosensing, drug delivery application and environmental monitoring. Numerous synthetic approaches which have been adopted to synthesize the 2D materials have been covered and discussed. Also, the reasons behind the catalytic activity of various types of 2D materials and their application as electrode modifier for the development of an efficient biosensor for the point-of-care analysis of biomolecule and drug delivery and environmental monitoring have been discussed in detail. This review article will give valuable information and future insights to the researchers working in the field of biosensor, drug delivery and environmental monitoring. We anticipate that this review may be of significance for the field to understand the properties as well as the electroanalytical applications of 2D materials, especially in biosensing, drug and environmental monitoring.

In this work, we had synthesized a novel dihydrazone-based fluorescent probe N'1,N'2-bis{1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene}oxalohydrazide for Al3+ by simple condensation reaction. The prepared organic probe has been characterized by different physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques. The single-crystal structure of the receptor has also been reported. Aqueous ethanolic solution of probe shows an enhanced fluorescence in the presence of Al3+ ions whereas no appreciable change in spectral pattern is observed in presence of other cations viz. Na+, K+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cr3+, Cd2+ and Hg2+. The binding mode of the receptor with Al3+ was studied by various spectral titration techniques such as UV-visible, fluorescence and 1H NMR. The receptor acts as a dibasic hexadentate ligand and interacts with two Al3+ ions with a high binding constant KB = 8.99 × 1010 M− 1. The lowest detection limit for the Al3+ complex of H2hpoh was determined to be 7.8 × 10− 5 M. With the help of DFT calculation, the mechanism of fluorescence enhancement has been explained.

In this work, we have synthesized a novel dihydrazone-based fluorescent probe N'1,N'2-bis{1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propylidene}oxalohydrazide (H2hpoh)for Al3+ ions by a simple condensation reaction. The prepared organic probe has been characterized by different physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques. The single-crystal structure of the receptor has also been reported. Crystal data for C20H22N4O4: monoclinic, space group P21/c (no. 14), a = 6.0747(15) Å, b = 11.621(5) Å, c = 13.453(4) Å, β = 94.61(3)°, V = 946.6(5) Å3, Z = 2, T = 293(2) K, μ(MoKα) = 0.096 mm-1, Dcalc = 1.342 g/cm3, 4046 reflections measured (6.076° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 58.05°), 2149 unique (Rint = 0.0876, Rsigma = 0.2223) which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.0972 (I > 2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.2316 (all data). The ethanolic aqueous solution of the probe shows enhanced fluorescence in the presence of Al3+ ions, whereas no appreciable change in the spectral pattern is observed in the presence of other cations, i.e., Na+, K+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cr3+, Cd2+ and Hg2+. The binding mode of the receptor with Al3+ ions was studied using various spectral titration techniques such as UV-visible, fluorescence, and 1H NMR. The receptor acts as a dibasic hexadentate ligand and interacts with two Al3+ ions with a high binding constant KB = 8.99×1010 1/M. The lowest detection limit for the Al3+ complex of H2hpoh was determined to be 7.8×10−5 M. With the help of DFT calculations, the mechanism of fluorescence enhancement has been explained.