Vertigo and balance disorders are among the most common symptoms encountered in patients who visit ENT outpatient department. This is associated with risk of falling and is compounded in elderly persons with other neurologic deficits and chronic medical problems. BPPV is the most common cause of peripheral vertigo. BPPV is a common vestibular disorder leading to significant morbidity, psychosocial impact, and medical costs. The objective of Epley's maneuver, which is noninvasive, inexpensive, and easily administered, is to move the canaliths out of the canal to the utricle where they no longer affect the canal dynamics. Our study aims to analyze the response to Epley's maneuver in a series of patients with posterior canal BPPV and compares the results with those treated exclusively by medical management alone. Even though many studies have been conducted to prove the efficacy of this maneuver, this study reinforces the validity of Epley's maneuver by comparison with the medical management.

INTRODUCTIONThyroid gland is unique among endocrine organs. It is the largest endocrine gland in the body and the first to develop in fetal life.1 Thyroid swelling are very frequent. It is estimated 4-7% adults have palpable enlargement of thyroid and 10 times more have impalpable nodules. Most of them are benign and fewer than 5% are actually malignant. 2A multitude of diagnostic tests like ultrasound, thyroid nuclear scan, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and many more are available to evaluate goitre. Final diagnosis requires morphological examination of lesions for which FNAC and histopathological examination (HPE) becomes mandatory tests. 3FNAC as a method was first published by Leyden in 1883. 4 The diagnosis of thyroid lesions using aspiration cytology was first reported by Martin and Ellis in 1930. 5 Practice guidelines set forth by American Thyroid Association and National Comprehensive Cancer Network states that FNAC should be used as initial ABSTRACT Background: Even if non-surgical and non-invasive techniques can provide a diagnosis, the ultimate answer rests in the histopathological examination of the excised thyroid tissue. This study was carried out with the objective of comparing the findings of the two tests namely FNAC and HPE and suggestions for the future. Methods: This two year prospective study involved 295 outdoor cases with thyroid lesions at UPRIMS & R, Saifai, Etawah, U.P. The preoperative FNAC and postoperative histopathology reports were correlated and conclusions drawn after statistical analysis. Results: More than half (65.4% cases) the number of thyroid FNACs were diagnosed as colloid goitre. Diagnostic categorization of 295 thyroid FNACs based on Bathesda classification showed that 239 (81.01%) cases were cytologically benign, 2 cases (0.68 %) were under atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) while six cases (2.03%) under the neoplasm category-follicular. Suspicious for malignancy category included two cases (0.68%)-hyalinizing trabecular adenoma/columnar variant of papillary carcinoma and medullary carcinoma/oncocytic neoplasm. Under the malignant category, there were fourteen cases (4.05%) cytologically diagnosed and in the inadequate/non-diagnostic category there were 32 cases (10.85%) of cases. Conclusions: FNAC is a simple, safe and cost effective modality in investigation of thyroid disease with high accuracy and specificity.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Orbital complications are fairly common in Otorhinolaryngology practice because of close proximity of orbit to adjacent ENT regions. Orbital complications must be suspected whenever ENT patients present with complaints of proptosis, diplopia, vision loss and epiphora. Early diagnosis and treatment is necessary to prevent morbidity and mortality in these patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This prospective study was conducted in the ENT department for a period of 1 year from August 2016 to July 2017 and comprised of 38 cases. This study was conducted to see the incidence, etiology, clinical, radiological and histopathological profile in relation to ophthalmic complications in ENT diseases.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Male to female ratio was 1.71:1. Patients mean age at presentation in present study was 39.71±19.86 (SD) years and maximum number of cases 10 (26.32%) were between 41-50 years of age. Among 38 patients of our series, most common clinical presentation was proptosis followed by nasal obstruction. Commonest ENT diseases responsible for orbital complications were the different sinonasal tumours comprising 18 cases, in which carcinoma maxilla constituted 6 cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In conclusion, correct diagnosis, adequate antibiotic therapy, and surgical intervention are important for management of orbital and ophthalmic complications. Cooperation between Ophthalmologist and the Otolaryngologist is clearly desirable for proper management of these cases.</p>

INTRODUCTIONThe term 'allergy', coined by von Pirquet, he proposed the term allergy, to describe a change of the living tissues, with increased or reduced sensitiveness due to the formation of specific antibodies.1 On exposure to the foreign protein the allergen combines with cell-bound reagenic antibodies to release histamine and similar amines and other factors.2 Allergy is used to define the series of events which occurs when an antigen, which is not harmful in itself, causes an immune response, leading to symptoms and disease in genetically predisposed individuals. The various manifestations of atopy and allergy are allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic dermatitis, drug allergies, bee stings and urticaria/angioedema. Nasobronchial allergies i.e. asthma or rhinitis alone or asthma with rhinitis are the commonest allergic manifestations with 75.4% of patients belonging to this group. 3 Vangham and Bray stated that roughly 10% of general population is frankly allergic and 50% given history of transient episodes. 4 Allergic rhinitis is the most common allergy encountered in clinical practice and constitutes about 55% of allergies seen in India 5 .Shambough stated that at least 90% of chronic nasal infections and 70% of chronic sinus ABSTRACT Background: Nasal passages form one of the chief sources of contact of the human with his environment. Hence, it is natural that the mucosa of the area is the victim of assault with multitudes of potential allergens. Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disease with worldwide prevalence of 10-40%. Allergic rhinitis is a disease with low mortality but significantly lowers the quality of life and functioning. Both oral and intranasal antihistamines are approved for the first-line treatment of allergic rhinitis and both formulations result in a reduction in symptoms and an improvement in quality of life. Methods: The following study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of the azelastine nasal spray in comparison to levocetrizine in patients with allergic rhinitis. Out of the 68 patients, 34 cases were treated with topical azelastine (group A), while remaining 34 with systemic levocetrizine (group B). The effects of anti-allergic drugs have been studied on the basis of relief of symptoms and change in histopathology. Results: The effect of levocetrizine has been studied on the basis of relief of symptoms and change in histopathology and found to have complete response in 58% and fair response in 23.5% patients of allergic rhinitis. The effect of topical azelastine nasal spray have complete response in 70.5% and fair response in 23.5% patients of allergic rhinitis. Conclusions: Comparing the post therapy clinical and histopathological results in this study, azelastine nasal spray was found to be more effective and safe in the treatment of allergic rhinitis than levocetrizine.

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