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We studied the haemodynamic effects of inhaled nitric oxide 40 p.p.m. in two groups of patients after cardiac surgery (mitral valve surgery or coronary artery bypass grafting). Nitric oxide caused a significant reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance after mitral valve surgery in patients who had pre-existing pulmonary hypertension, but no change in haemodynamic state in the coronary artery bypass group of patients, who had normal pulmonary arterial pressures.

Forty-four patients undergoing coronary artery surgery were allocated randomly to receive an infusion of propofol or methohexitone as a hypnotic supplement to a fentanyl-based anaesthetic technique. A taped message was played to the patients, consisting of 10 words associated with prompt sentences and a suggestion for a specific postoperative behavioural response. Twenty patients (10 propofol and 10 methohexitone) (perioperative group) were exposed to the taped message during surgery and in the immediate postoperative period and the other 24 patients (postoperative group) were exposed to the tape only in the postoperative period, after return to the intensive care unit (ICU). No patient had explicit recall of any events during the period when the tape was played. The patients in the propofol group who heard the tape during surgery had significant implicit recall of the word associations compared with the equivalent 10 methohexitone patients (P = 0.004), when tested 48 h after surgery. The patients who were played the tape whilst receiving identical infusion regimens for sedation in the ICU did not demonstrate implicit recall of the word associations in either the propofol or the methohexitone groups. There was no evidence of a response to the specific behavioural suggestion during the postoperative interview. The results confirm that auditory perception can occur during clinically adequate anaesthesia, and that suppression of auditory awareness or learning is a function of both the pharmacological degree of sedation and the degree of surgical stimulation.

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