Pixel value ratio is a good method for assessing callus stiffness, and it can be used to judge the timing of fixator removal.

Transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy (TRO) is a controversial procedure with reported inconsistent results. We reviewed 50 patients (60 hips) who underwent this procedure for extensive osteonecrosis of the femoral head, focusing on varization to determine its effectiveness as a head-preserving procedure in young adults. The mean age of the patients was 28 years (range, 18-46 years). Using the Ficat-Arlet classification, 40 hips had Stage II and 20 hips had Stage III involvement. According to the classification system of Shimizu et al., the extent of the lesions were Grade C in 54 hips and Grade B in six hips; the location of the lesions were Grade c in 56 hips and Grade b in four hips. Minimum followup was 18 months (mean, 84 months; range, 18-156 months). The mean preoperative Harris hip score was 44.7 points (range, 32-62 points) which improved to an average postoperative score of 80.1 points (range, 44-100 points) at the latest followup. Forty-four hips showed no radiographic evidence of progression of collapse. Ten hips showed progressive collapse, seven hips showed progressive varus deformity, three hips had stress fractures of the femoral neck, and one hip had infection. We believe TRO with varization is worth attempting for extensive osteonecrosis of the femoral head in young adults, although failures and complications are not uncommon.

From our study, we conclude that a large number of curves can be treated with bracing; however, when we notice drooping of the convex apical rib along with RVAD, the curve will likely progress.

Background:Functional brace application for isolated humeral shaft fracture persistently yields good results. Nonunion though uncommon involves usually the proximal third shaft fractures. Instead of polyethylene bivalve functional brace four plaster sleeves wrapped and molded with little more proximal extension expected to prevent nonunion of proximal third fractures. Periodic compressibility of the cast is likely to yield a better result. This can be applied on the 1st day of the presentation as an outpatient basis. Comprehensive objective scoring system befitting for fracture humeral shaft is a need.Materials and Methods:Sixty six (male = 40, female = 26) unilateral humeral shaft fractures of mean age 34.4 years (range 11–75 years) involving 38 left and 28 right hands were included in this study during April 2008 to December 2012. Fractures involved proximal (n = 18), mid (n = 35) and distal (n = 13) of humerus. Transverse, oblique, comminuted and spiral orientations in 18, 35 and 13 patients respectively. One had segmental fracture and three had a pathological fracture with cystic bone lesion. Mechanisms of injuries as identified in this study were road traffic accidents 57.6% (n = 38), fall 37.9% (n = 25). 12.1% (n = 8) had radial nerve palsy 7.6% (n = 5) had Type I open fracture. Four plaster strips of 12 layers and 5–7.5 cm broad depending on the girth of arm were prepared. Arm was then wrapped with single layer compressed cotton. Lateral and medial strips were applied and then after molding anterior and posterior strips were applied in such a way that permits full elbow range of motion and partial abduction of the shoulder. Care was taken to prevent adherence of one strip with other except in the proximal end. Limb was then put in loose collar and cuff sling intermittently allowing active motion of the elbow ROM and pendular movement of the shoulder. Weekly tightening of the cast by fresh layers of bandage over the existing cast brace continued.Results:The results were assessed using 100 point scoring system where union allotted 30 points and 60 points allotted for angulations (10), elbow motion (10), shoulder abduction (10), shortening (5), rotation (5), absence of infection (10), absence of nerve palsy during treatment (10). Remaining 10 points were allotted for five items with two points each. They were the absence of skin sore, absence of vascular problem, absence of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), recovery of paralyzed nerve during injury and recovery of paralyzed nerve during treatment. Results were considered excellent with 90 and above, good with 80–89, fair with 70–79 and poor below 70 point. Results at 6 months were excellent in 43.94% (n = 29), good in 42.42% (n = 28), fair in 9.1% (n = 6), poor in 4.55% (n = 3). Union took place in 98.48% (n = 65) with an average of 10.3 weeks (range 6–16 weeks). 87.5% (n = 7) paralyzed radial nerve recovered. All wounds healed. Four patients had transient skin problem. One patient with mid shaft fracture had nonunion due to the muscle interposition.Conclus...

From August 1998 to June 2005, we treated five children (age range 2-9 years) with traumatic dislocation of hip. The mean follow-up period was 4.1 years (range 1-8 years). There was acceptable reduction in all cases by single attempt at closed reduction. Two patients aged 2 and 3 years, respectively, had redislocation. Other complications like nerve injuries, avascular necrosis, growth disturbance, ectopic ossification and post-traumatic arthritis were not seen till the last follow-up (mean 4.1; range 1-8 years). Closed reduction is an effective treatment method for traumatic dislocation of hip in children, but adequate immobilization and protection from weight bearing is needed in children aged less than 10 years to prevent redislocation.