This paper was prepared for presentation at the 1999 SPE International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium held in Bakersfield, California,17–19 March 1999.

Twitter is one of the most popular social networking platforms today with nearly 238 million active daily users. While the platform is used by a myriad of individuals for various purposes, businesses both large and small have begun to adopt Twitter into their business strategy to better connect with consumers. Considering the growing emphasis on social media engagement in the business sector, the present study examines some of the fastest-growing American small businesses from the perspective of media events theory. According to media events theory, certain large-scale events will attract excess viewership and attention from the public, both on traditional and digital platforms. We examine how small businesses leveraged media events of 2020, including COVID-19 and the 2020 US presidential election, so as to increase engagement and foster the growth of their businesses via Twitter. Using 35000 tweets based on media event-related hashtags collected throughout 2020, we investigated Twitter engagement among 100 of the fastest-growing small businesses in the USA. Through the use of network analysis metrics, we illustrate that businesses that tweeted about media events often received greater levels of user engagement and exerted greater influence over their respective networks.

No abstract

The project goal is to convert a currently unusable by-product of oil production, produced water, into a valuable drinking water resource. Results from a 10 gpm pilot study were used for a conceptual design and cost estimate for a 44,000 bpd treatment facility. Generally, the pilot study demonstrated that by altering operating conditions, the treated water could meet industrial, irrigation, and drinking water quality standards. Four scenarios were evaluated, 2 industrial and one each for irrigation and drinking water. The total project cost estimates, with an accuracy of approximately -15 to +30 percent, ranged in capital cost from $3.1 to $12.3 million with an O&M cost ranging from 4.5-23.4 c/bbl of water treated. P. 403

This paper was selscted fw pre.ssntation by an SPE Progrm Committee foItowing review of informati~mntahed in sn abstract suhitted by the author(s). Cwlents of Me paper, as presentsd, have not been reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and are subjsd to mrrection by the authw(s). The material, as presented, dws not necessarily reflect any position of b Smiety of Petroleum Engineers, its offimrs, or membsrs. Papers prssented al SPE meetings are subject to publication review by Editorial Committees of the Society of Petroleum Engiwers, Electronic rspmduction, distribution, or stcfage of any part ti ftis paper for mmmarcial FUPSSS without the writtsn rnnsent of ths Society of Petroleum Engineers is prohibited. Permission to repmdurn in print is resbicted to an abstract of not more than 300 words; illustralmns may m! be mpied. The eb.stract must mntain mnspiwous aeledgment of wkre and by whcin the paper waa presented, Write Librarian, SPE, PO. Box 833838, Mtisrdson, TX 7~3-3838, U. S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435, AbstractThe project goal is to convert a currently unusable by-product of oil production, produced water, into a valuable drinking water resource. Results from a 10 gpm pilot study were used for a conceptual design and cost estimate for a 44,000 bpd treatment facility. Generally, the pilot study demonstrated that by altering operating conditions, the treated water could meet industrial, irrigation, and drinking water quality standards. Four scenarios were evaluated, 2 industrial and one each for irrigation and drinking water. The total project cost estimates, with an accuracy of approximately -15 to +30 percent, ranged in capital cost from $3.1 to $12.3 million with an O&M cost ranging from 4.5-23.4 #/ttbl of water treated.