Public sector organizations in North America and Europe are gradually transforming themselves under the pressure exerted by Internet technologies. Most of these organizations are beyond Web publishing and are passing through the interactive stage, gradually sidling up to the challenges of creating end‐to‐end processes that deliver enhanced value from public administration. In the not‐too‐distant future, these organizations will have to manage increased speed of reflexivity in their relationship with the citizenry. In other words, it is not just a question of e‐government; it is also a question of e‐governance. The future of government as we might have imagined it 10 years ago is not the future of government today. Our paper proposes a two‐dimensional framework for considering the impact of the Internet. On one axis, we propose the dimension of e‐government versus e‐governance. On the other dimension, we contrast the citizen‐centric view of the relationship with the organization‐centric. In each of the resulting four quadrants of the model, we examine the issues and considerations. Finally, we analyze the resource allocation decisions made public by the federal government to identify where the financial commitments have been made in the context of the model.
Résumé
Les organisations du secteur public de l'Amérique du Nord et de l'Europe se transforment progressivement sous la pression des technologies de l'Internet. La plupart de ces organisations, qui ont déjà dépassé l'étape de la création des pages, passent par une phase interactive, rélevant progressivement les défis de la création des processus de bout en bout qui donne une plus grande valeur à l'administration publique. Dans un futur proche, ces organisations auront à gérer, dans leur relation avec les citoyens, la vitesse croissante de réflexivité. En d'autres termes, il ne s'agit pas seulement d'une question de gouvernement électronique; il s'agit aussi d'une question de gouvernance électronique. L'avenir du gouvernement d'aujourd'hui est différent de celui qu'on aurait imaginé il y a de cela 10 ans. Dans cette étude, nous proposons un cadre bidimensionnel permettant de mesurer l'impact de l'Internet. Sur le premier axe, nous proposons la dimension gouvernement électronique vs gouvernance électronique. Le second axe s'appesantit sur le contraste entre deux conceptions antinomiques de la relation: la conception centrée sur le citoyen et la conception centreé sur l'organisation. Dans chacun des quatre quadrants résultant du modéle, nous examinons les problèmes et les solutions possibles. Pour étudier dans quel cas les engagements financiers ont été pris dans le contexte du modéle, nous clôturons notre étude par l'analyse des décisions d'attribution des ressources rendues publiques par le gouvernement fédéral.
Phrases such as 'knowledge-intensive organizations' (KIOs) and 'knowledgeintensive firms' (KIFs), have recently found common usage, describing the distinct activities and attributes of some organizations. But a review of the literature reveals a lack of consensus among scholars and practitioners on the definition of KIOs. What is also absent from the discussion is an agreement on the factors that differentiate KIOs from non-KIOs, and how those factors affect knowledge management (KM) theory and practice. The objective of this paper is to extend a typology of KIOs as a preliminary step to conducting research on these types of organizations. With the typology of KIOs presented in this paper, we hope to provide a basis of distinguishing these organizations from other organizations, and also to allow one to perform comparative organizational analysis. The typology will also help researchers identify which of the organizations are knowledge-intense, and the nature of their knowledgeintensity, so that they help these organizations in designing appropriate KM tools.
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