EFFECT OF AUXIN AND CYTOKININ ON MICROPROPAGATION OF BINAHONG (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis)Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis) is known as miraculous medicinal plant for its potential to cure for various kinds of diseases such as diabetes, stabilizing blood pressure and circulation, accelerating wound healing, and preventing stroke. In order to provide high quality seedlings of this medicinal plant continuously in large amount, the study on binahong micropropagation was performed. Plant growth regulators of auxins and cytokinins were applied in single or in combination so as to observe their effect on the growth of binahong explants. The results showed that 2,4-D induced callus formation in large diameter on all treatments. Nevertheless, this plant growth regulator had a negative effect on growth and development of shoot and leaves. In the combination treatments between IAA and BAP, it revealed that the higher the concentration of BAP in the media, the lower the number of leaves initiated on shoot explants. Increasing the concentration of IAA upto 1.5 ppm influenced the increasing of shoot tallness and the number of internodes. Our results can be useful for improving the binahong shoot propagation efficiency, as well as callus culture studies.Keywords: Auxin, cytokinin, callus, micropropagation, medicinal plantABSTRAKBinahong (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis) dikenal sebagai tanaman obat ajaib karena dapat digunakan untuk pengobatan berbagai macam penyakit seperti diabetes, melancarkan peredaran dan tekanan darah, mempercepat penyembuhan luka, mencegah stroke. Dalam mendukung ketersediaan bibit tanaman obat herbal yang berkualitas secara berkelanjutan maka dilakukan kajian tentang perbanyakan bibit tanaman binahong. Zat pengatur tumbuh auksin dan sitokinin dalam bentuk tunggal maupun kombinasi diaplikasikan pada penelitian ini untuk melihat pengaruhnya terhadap berbagai eksplan binahong. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa 2,4-D merangsang pembentukan kalus dengan ukuran yang besar pada semua perlakuan. Namun demikian zat pengatur tumbuh ini memberikan pengaruh negatif terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tunas dan daun. Dari perlakuan kombinasi zat pengatur tumbuh IAA dan BAP, pertambahan konsentrasi BAP di dalam media menurunkan jumlah daun yang terbentuk pada eksplan pucuk binahong. Demikian pula dengan pertambahan konsentrasi IAA hingga 1,5 ppm sangat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan meninggi tunas dan pertambahan jumlah ruas. Hasil dari studi ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk studi lanjutan dalam meningkatkan efisiensi perbanyakan tunas serta kultur kalus binahong.Kata kunci: Auksin, sitokinin, kalus, perbanyakan mikro, tanaman obat herbal

The research objective was to design a collective action model in the context of household independence in overcoming the temporary loss income (TLI) period during the rubber replanting process. The research partner was the Sumber Rezeki Farmer Group (SRFG) in Mestong District, Jambi, Indonesia. The results showed that collective action in integrated waste processing to produce TCI and BA+ can work well but not followed by inter-cropping cultivation implementation. The BA+ prototype technology with capacity 1,100 liters/period more advantages over conventional methods because it only takes 18 days with clearer and loss of pungent odor. The substitution power of food crops was only 49,27% from potential temporary loss income with the highest in food-corn which’s 55.83%. Conversely, the food crops productivity implemented was not targeted as achieved by planting demonstration plot scale. The main inhibiting factor the water availability which is highly dependent on the season, and animal wild pest attacks such as monkeys and wild boar. Based on the results it can be concluded that the collective action model had not been effective at the implementation stage so that further research is needed to address the water management and wild animal pests control problems.

This study analyzes the feasibility of the market, technical and technological, financial and social integration of the system at the industrial and farmer levels. The market aspect can be seen in the market potential in absorbing integrated products, technical and technological aspects refer to the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia No. 46/Permentan/PK.210/8/2015, and financial feasibility using investment criteria analysis and social feasibility including the response of the surrounding community. The driving factor for implementing the integration system for cattle and oil palm plantations at the industrial level is the benefits of integration, while the inhibiting factor is that the company still finds doubts about the negative impact of organic fertilizer on oil palm plantations. At the farmer level, the driving factor is the profit gained from integration, while the inhibiting factor is the limited market for selling organic fertilizer. Market and marketing, technical and technological, financial and social feasibility at the industrial level is feasible and not sensitive to changes in input-output, while at the farm level is feasible except for market aspects and sensitive to changes in prices and output volumes (compost). The novelty of this research is the driving and inhibiting factors for the implementation of the integration of cattle with oil palm plantations at the industrial and farmer level, and the comparison of aspects of the feasibility of integrating cattle with oil palm plantations between industrial and farmer.

The integration of cattle with smallholder oil palm plantations can increase the population and productivity of cattle, and improve the efficiency of smallholder oil palm plantations. The positive synergy that can be achieved from this integration can ensure the feed supply for cattle, save on the use of inorganic fertilizers for oil palm plantations, and forage for grass for cattle feed. The pattern of raising cattle on smallholder oil palm plantations varies (extension, semi-intensive, and intensive) according to the behavior/habits and abilities of farmers, thus requiring different strategies. The composition and structure of cattle systems integrated with oil palm plantations varies in various patterns of rearing. In the pattern of raising cattle on smallholder oil palm plantations, each has advantages and disadvantages. The novelty of this research is that the proposed model involves the integration of cattle with oil palm plantations having semi-intensive and intensive maintenance patterns that comply with the existing conditions and the farmers’ behavior.