This research explores how English is used in the expanding circle: tourism areas in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Although Bahasa Indonesia is the official language used, this does not mean that other languages will have a little share in the linguistic landscape. The total data used were 519 signboards which were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. This research found that in monolingual boards, the use of English was 23.7%, and Indonesian was 73.5%. The magnitude of the use of English, which is close to as salient as the use of Bahasa Indonesia, is particularly shown on the bilingual and multilingual signboards. This study highlights discussion on the representation of power of English in the investigated signboards, which was shown from the number of appearance and combination of English and other languages in the signboards. It is revealed that English is expressed not only for informative reasons but also for symbolic reasons such as indexing sophistication, cosmopolitanism, and fashionable appearance.

Snow Flower and The Secret Fan is one type of fiction novel written by Lisa See in 2005. Snow Flower and The Secret Fan tells about the lives of Chinese women in the nineteenth century where women's position was lower than men. In that era, there was a tradition that required women to tie their legs when they were young then caused them to endure unbearable pain because of a leg tie. By tying their legs, they can get married and improve their social status and bring them to a better life. Legs bound are to be sexually pleasure for men to achieve sexual satisfaction. In addition, in that era women were not permitted to get education like men. This problem was the impact of the Patriarchal culture. In the Patriarchal culture, there is a Confucian teaching that is used as a way of life for Chinese people. The teaching requires women to obey men: Father, husband, and later their sons. Therefore, Chinese women live as a second-class. In conducting this research, the author uses Representation Theory by Stuart Hall. Research shows that female oppression is clearly illustrated in the novel through a leg tie. Lisa See realistically describes the real conditions of women's oppression in China in the Snow Flower novel and The Secret Fan.

The Passion is a novel written by a modern British feminist writer of the 20th century, Jeanette Winterson in 1987. She concerns with lesbian themes, gender, and sexuality in her works. This study aims to show the contribution of representation theory promoted by Stuart Hall in literary studies. The study utilized the concept of feminism proposed by Beauvoir as the foundation for data analysis to strengthen the argument. Data analysis shows that this novel expresses the spirit of feminism, namely 1) the resistance to the objectification of women, 2) the rejection of women's subordination, and 3) the support of cultural feminism. The analysis of the text narrative and the contextual background of the novel and the writer, the study showcased the ideological position of the writer

Female subjects’ oppressions are a significant aspect of the novel entitled A Game of Thrones, published in 1996 by George R. R. Martin. This article aims to discover the discourse of female subjects’ oppressions and the critical position of the author. The theory of representation by Stuart Hall and the discursive approach by Michel Foucault are used in this research. The contextual background and the narrations in the novel are collaborated in the analysis process to find the discourse of female subjects’ oppressions and the critical position of the author. This research proves that this novel represents the oppression of female subjects in the form of marginalization, powerlessness, violence, and exploitation. Through the narration in the novel and some interviews, Martin, as the author, resists women's oppression.

This paper discusses the journey of finding sexual identity in the novel Aristotle and Dante Discover the Secrets of the Universe. The analysis focuses on the effort of finding the sexual identity. The struggles before and after coming out are represented in the novel, as well as the critical position of the author. Stuart Hall's representation theory was used as a qualitative approach to analysis. The data of this study were obtained from words, phrases and sentences related to the phenomenon of gay and trans-gender in the selected novels. People are still uncomfortable with the behavior of the LGBT group, so it causes violence against groups associated with them. When the protagonist admits to being gay, he is abused and discriminated against by others, like in the novel. By relating the problem in the story to the author's biography and the struggle to establish his own sexual identity, the topic of sexual identity seems crucial to address as a part of this social phenomenon. This research was conducted as an initial research on the LGBT group, which is expected to be useful for future research.