No abstract

No abstract

Organic agriculture systems aim primarily at use of naturally occurring ecological processes rather than external inputs, to manage crops and livestock. These farming systems emphasize on ecofriendly methods of insect, pest and weed control. Biodiversity is the key component of organic agrisystems responsible for its efficacy. According to IFOAM (International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements) organic production methods are those where at least 95% of the ingredients used for agriculture purposes are organic in nature. Latter content less than 70% may not refer to organic production methods. Organic farming systems work on nature’s principles; improve agro ecosystem health including soil biological activity and product quality. The most followed organic farming systems are Permaculture, Panchagavya farming, Rishi Krishi, Natueco farming, Zero budget natural farming, Biodynamic farming etc. Enormous literature and supportive materials are available to justify the use of these farming systems to combat soil pollution created by use of various chemicals. However, when it comes to scientific explanation, the work is scattered. A common person may develop the assumption that these systems might possess some supernatural or magical curing ability. However, these preparations work on scientific principles mostly powered by microbes and their metabolic products. In the present review, research on various organic preparations, with special reference to their microbial properties, has been compiled and analysed. The review will be of immense benefit to students, researchers and strategy planners working in the field of organic farming.

Aim: To study the role of microorganisms behind their bioenhancing, biocontrol properties, their enzymatic potential, and characterization of high performing microbial isolates on molecular basis. Methodology: Dominant culturable microbes including bacteria and fungi were isolated from biodynamic preparations and screened on the basis of plant-growth promoting (PGP) activities viz., ammonia production, phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, hydrogen cyanide production, seed germination efficacy and biocontrol properties. The dominant and effective microorganisms were screened for enzymes activities viz., pectinase, cellulase and amylase. The selected bacterial and fungal isolates, exhibiting higher enzyme activities, were subjected to molecular characterization. Results: Out of 68 bacterial and 25 fungal isolates from 8 biodynamic preparations (BD 500 - BD 507), 15 bacterial isolates exhibited high plant growth promoting activities while 10 bacterial isolates exhibited biocontrol activity against pathogens. Bacillus licheniformis isolated from BD 504, expressed high pectinase (2.595 U ml-1 min-1), cellulase (0.308 U ml-1 min-1) and amylase (0.418 U ml-1 min-1) activities. Fungal isolates with high enzymatic activities, were isolated from BD 500, 503 and 506, respectively. Interpretation: Microorganism isolates from biodynamic preparations possessed strong plant growth promoting, biocontrol and enzymatic properties, which might be responsible for the efficacy of organic preparations under field conditions.

No abstract