No abstract

The use of inorganic pesticides result in residues of pesticides in the environment. Mojogedang is an area that has implemented a system of organic farming but also there are farmers who apply chemical pesticides. Pesticides are commonly used by farmers in Mojogedang causing residues, such as organophosphate. Organophosphates contains the active ingredient with a relatively long persistence in the environment and dangerous that it needs a study to investigate the organophosphate residues. The aims of this research to study the level of organophosphate residue and their exposure to soil properties in a variety of land uses in Mojogedang (paddy field, dryland, community forest). This study to analize organic-C, pH, soil texture, total microbia and organophosphate residues including diazinon, parathion, profenofos, ethion, chlorpyrifos, malathion. Data was analized statistically using correlation analysis. Results of this study show that all residue consentration of organophosphate residues active ingredients in organic paddy field soil, inorganic paddy field soil, dryland soil, community forest soil less than maximum residue limits (MRL) 0,05 mg/kg. Residue levels of horticultural dryland with profenofos active ingredient more than MRL (62,060 mg/kg) while the other active ingredient less than MRL. Soil texture is a soil property which closely correlate with organophosphate residues in the soil (sand fraction r = -0,601, dust fraction r = -0,658, clay fraction = -0,509).

The upper Solo Wonogiri Watersheed size of the catchment is 135,000 hectares. It is divided into six sub watershed, i.e. the Keduang, Temon, Alang, Wuryantoro, Wiroko, and Upper Solo. The fact that occur in areas upper Solo watershed the zone of distric Wonogiri Central of Java, is currently large (> 90%) is the cultivation of seasonal crops with crops such as cassava, peanuts and not cultivation techniques cropping (Supriyadi, 2007). The implementation of restoration in subwatershed is one of several of cultivation system method that consider the importance of land sustainability. The objective of this research was to identify appropriate indicators for assessing the impact of longterm agroforestry systems on soil quality in areas upper Solo watershed the zone of distric Wonogiri Central of Java, Indonesia. The research was based on descriptive explorative through land surveys, while to know the value of the soil quality in Keduang subwatershed takes the point sample deliberately (purposive sampling). The Soil Quality Index (SQI) is determined by collecting data on indicators that have been selected for each soil function or Minimum Data Set (MDS). Assessment of soil quality using a scoring method data on every indicator. Soil quality index for the retoration in Keduang sub-watershed were 26,67-27,78 for native forest; 24,44-25,56 for agroforestry; and 23,33-26,67 for dry land. The average value of soil quality index in native forest is 27,04; in agroforestry is 24,81 and dry land is 24,07. In native forest value of soil quality is the highest than agroforestry and dry land. The result showed that according to soil quality index, the types of management of landuse could improve soil quality. The better the soil quality, the higher the SQI. Land utiliser foe native forest had better soil quality than agroforestry and dry land, while land utilised for dry land had significant different compossed to the agroforestry system.

No abstract

<span lang="EN-US">Urban</span><span lang="EN-US"> development and increasing population impact improving the demand for non-agricultural land. Through the issuance of Law No. 41 of 2009 concerning the Protection of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land, the government has attempted to reduce the conversion rate of agricultural land by protecting paddy fields that are considered the potential for food supply. This study aims to examine the impact of the transformation of agricultural land to non-agricultural land on food security and the implementation of the of Law No. 41 of 2009. The research method used is survey and descriptive. The focus of discussion includes population growth, land change, land area, harvested area, production and food availability needs data. The data was gathered from field observations, interviews and a literature study. The results showed that the average decrease in paddy fields in the last three years was 98.87 ha. The population density in Sleman Regency is classified as high. In 2018 to 2019 the population density increased by 22.88 people km^-2. In 2019 to 2020 the population density decreased by 163.35 people km^-2. In 2018 to 2019 rice productivity increased by 625 tons ha^-1, although harvested area and production have declined. There is no </span><span lang="IN">correlation </span><span lang="EN-US">between the location of paddy fields, population and rice productivity. The food security condition in Sleman Regency is generally stable, but the site of paddy fields that continues to decrease yearly must still be a concern.</span>