We investigate theoretically the effects of interaction between an optical dipole (semiconductor quantum dot or molecule) and metal nanoparticles. The calculated absorption spectra of hybrid structures demonstrate strong effects of interference coming from the exciton-plasmon coupling. In particular, the absorption spectra acquire characteristic asymmetric lineshapes and strong antiresonances. We present here an exact solution of the problem beyond the dipole approximation and find that the multipole treatment of the interaction is crucial for the understanding of stronglyinteracting exciton-plasmon nano-systems. Interestingly, the visibility of the exciton resonance becomes greatly enhanced for small inter-particle distances due to the interference phenomenon, multipole effects, and electromagnetic enhancement. We find that the destructive interference is particularly strong. Using our exact theory, we show that the interference effects can be observed experimentally even in the exciting systems at room temperature.

Substorms generally inject tens to hundreds of keV electrons, but intense substorm electric fields have been shown to inject MeV electrons as well. An intriguing question is whether such MeVelectron injections can populate the outer radiation belt. Here we present observations of a substorm injection of MeV electrons into the inner magnetosphere. In the premidnight sector at L ∼ 5.5, Van Allen Probes (Radiation Belt Storm Probes)‐A observed a large dipolarization electric field (50 mV/m) over ∼40 s and a dispersionless injection of electrons up to ∼3 MeV. Pitch angle observations indicated betatron acceleration of MeV electrons at the dipolarization front. Corresponding signals of MeV electron injection were observed at LANL‐GEO, THEMIS‐D, and GOES at geosynchronous altitude. Through a series of dipolarizations, the injections increased the MeV electron phase space density by 1 order of magnitude in less than 3 h in the outer radiation belt ( L > 4.8). Our observations provide evidence that deep injections can supply significant MeV electrons.

A hydrofluoric acid (HF)-free solvothermal method was used to synthesize nanoscale metal–organic framework NMIL-100­(Fe), which exhibited comparable physicochemical properties as those prepared by traditional methods, but with a mild and environmentally benign synthesis condition. XRD, TGA, N2 adsorption, FT-IR, SEM, and TEM were employed to characterize the as-prepared NMIL-100­(Fe), which was further applied as an effective adsorbent for dye adsorption, including two cationic dyes, rhodamine 6G (R6G) and rhodamine B (RB), and an anionic reactive red 120 (RR 120) with high adsorption efficiencies and capacities. The adsorption process can be well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. Hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction were revealed for the adsorption of the two cationic dyes and one anionic dye onto NMIL-100­(Fe), respectively, as investigated by mechanism studies. Thermodynamic analyses indicate that adsorption processes for cationic and anionic dyes are entropy-driven endothermic and enthalpy-driven exothermic processes, respectively. This environmental-benign synthetic strategy for NMIL-100­(Fe), as well as its high adsorption efficiency and capacity, might be used for the fabrication of other nanoscale metal–organic frameworks, and the potential applications of NMIL-100­(Fe) in real wastewater treatment.