There are distinct Rheumatic disorders, still Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is believed to be very prevailing. RA is an empathic disorder described over integral redness, constant inflammation, and the existence of auto-antibodies. In RA, inflammation in joints, loss of motion of joint stiffness, joint tenderness are most common in patients. Deformity of joints can be prevented by early diagnosis and treatment. The extremity of the disease can be reduced by combining the drugs and improved weight more profiled than single medication. Treat-to-target progress results in a superior-conclusion in RA, and the ACR, EULAR, and other specialized systems have supported treat-to-target as a basic curative strategy for RA. The novel methods used in RA have upgraded the development of the disorder and maximum people helpful in cancellation of clinical manifestations if the identification of disorder takes place before time. This review article is written after studying most of the journal’s articles, which were published between 1997-2019.

Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is hyperplastic inflammatory lesion or growth occurring due to constant irritation, traumatic injury, or hormonal factors. PG can occur on the skin and oral cavity. In the oral cavity, it most often occurs in the gingiva. Other oral sites involved are buccal mucosa, lip, tongue, and palate. Histopathological examination is crucial for its accurate diagnosis as it can be misdiagnosed due to its clinical resemblance with peripheral ossifying fibroma, peripheral giant cell granuloma, hemangioma, and fibroma. Here, we present a case of an 18-year-old male having a lesion in the mandible anterior region in the lingual aspect of the gingiva.

Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) has been given various names over the years such as peripheral giant cell tumor, reparative giant cell granuloma, giant cell epulis, giant cell hyperplasia, and osteoclastoma. It is the most commonly occurring lesion of the jaw developing from periosteum's connective tissue or periodontal membrane. It is predominantly seen in females in the mandibular region and usually in their late 40s. However, we hereby present a rare case of PGCG found in a male, in the maxillary posterior region, and in his early 20s.

Background: Toothbrush is essential for removing dental biofilm and preventing dental caries and periodontal disease. Toothbrushes become contaminated after repeated use, so disinfection is necessary for tooth brush maintenance. It is critical that dentists should have a current understanding and perception of toothbrush contamination and disinfection. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice among the dental interns, house staff, postgraduates, and faculty of the dental colleges in Kolkata city regarding toothbrush maintenance and disinfection. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among interns, house staff, postgraduates, and faculty of dental colleges in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. The data on oral health knowledge attitude practice (KAP) were collected using a self-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis was evaluated in the form of frequencies and percentages. Results: A total of 138 participants responded to the survey. Knowledge regarding toothbrush disinfection was found to be in 84% of the participants with maximum in house staff with 75%. Majority of the participants will prefer chlorhexidine as solution of disinfecting the toothbrush. Ninety-seven percent of the participants think that the toothbrush disinfection is necessary for everybody. Conclusion: The majority of interns surveyed had no idea how to keep their toothbrushes clean. Despite being aware of the issue, some participants did not disinfect their toothbrushes. Education on how to use and maintain a toothbrush effectively would help to improve the KAP for toothbrush maintenance and disinfection.

COVID-19 has impacted the dental services majorly, and there have been some major changes in the dental treatment protocols. As the dental treatment mostly involves the production of aerosols, dentists and dental patients are at high risk of acquiring and transmitting the virus. To reduce the transmission of SARS CoV-2 through aerosols, preprocedural mouth rinse has been recommended. The use of mouthwashes can help in reducing the viral load. The aim of the present review is to discuss different mouthwashes having virucidal action against COVID-19 virus.