Adoption of Cross-Layer based techniques in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has been reported to be an efficient solution towards improving energy efficiency, scheduling related problems among the resource-limited sensor nodes. The existing approaches are reviewed to ensure that there exists further scope for the improvement and enhancement in terms of resolving the issues associated with even faster interaction among the layers of the conventional protocol stack for catering up and facilitating the demands of faster response time in real-time applications. Therefore, Cross Layer Interactive Framework (CLIF) a novel and advanced approach is proposed for essentially sustaining symmetry between the crucial performance parameters like data delivery and energy efficiency for a given dynamic communication circumstances in WSN. In addition, to this message prioritization is incorporated in CLIF for processing those messages with high degree of significance. Predominantly CLIF can be used for the diverse time critical and mission critical IoT applications. The results demonstrate that the proposed CLIF scheme offers better energy efficiency and enhanced data delivery services in WSN when compared with the existing cross-layer approaches.

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The area of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) bring a new era of connected on-demand embedding systems which are mostly resource constrained. Despite of having design and operational challenges in real-time, WSN is currently being deployed for wide range of applications where traditional networking systems are most of time unfeasible. The prime focus of the study is to realize the significance of energy efficient routing in WSN. The core motivation is derived by addressing energy problems of WSN. An extensive analysis drawn from reviewing literatures, clearly shows that very few studies incorporated optimization towards modeling the routing schema. This chapter introduces a methodology consisting of three different types of analytical modeling where two of them focus on energy efficient clustering and another one is integrated to attain higher degree of security during data aggregation. The chapter basically provides an insight into the background of the problem which is related with the energy and security in WSN and also further provides preliminary information regarding the research overview. Further the study performs a thorough investigation on existing literatures to extract the open research problem. It basically highlights the gap which still exists and does not meet the requirements of proper energy and security demands. Literature survey on hierarchical protocols of WSN and their basic characteristics towards energy conservation is performed.