Objective: The risk factors for the development of retention cysts of the maxillary sinuses (RCMs) are not clear, although RCMs are common findings on radiographic images. This study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between RCMs and other nasal-paranasal anomalies and to demonstrate the possible effects of these anomalies on the development of RCMs. Methods: In the study, paranasal sinus computerized tomography (PNsCT) images from 5166 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Correlations between RCMs and osteomeatal complex obstruction, accessory ostium presence, abnormalities of the middle turbinate, and nasal septal deviation were analyzed in the PNsCT images. The paranasal sinus anomalies on the side of the RCMs were compared to the contralateral side. Results: A total of 1880 RCMs were detected in 1429 (27.6%) of 5166 patients. At least one nasal-paranasal sinus anomaly was associated with 88.7% of the RCMs. In the descending order, accessory ostium presence, accessory ostium, middle turbinate anomalies, and nasal septal deviation are pathologies that accompany RCMs. When unilateral RCMs were compared with the normal side, significant correlations were observed between RCMs and osteomeatal complex obstruction, accessory ostium, and middle turbinate anomalies (p=0.001, p=0.016, and p=0.03, respectively). RCMs were commonly found on the same side as osteomeatal complex obstruction (p=0.001), middle turbinate anomalies (p=0.001), and accessory ostium (p=0.052). Conclusions: In this study, the coexistence of osteomeatal complex obstruction, accessory ostium, middle turbinate anomalies, and nasal septum deviation with RCMs was analyzed by investigating PNsCT findings in 5166 patients. The results show that RCMs are associated with pathologies that increase paranasal inflammation, such as osteomeatal complex obstruction, and are good markers for nasal-paranasal sinus anomalies. The presence of incidental RCMs should be a warning sign of nasal-paranasal sinus anomalies. Keywords: Paranasal sinuses, anomalies, nasal cavity, turbinates, computed tomography Öz Amaç: Maksiller sinüs retansiyon kistleri (MsRK) radyolojik incelemelerde sık karşılaşılan bulgular olmakla birlikte, MsRK'lerin gelişimi için risk faktörleri açık değildir. Bu çalışma MsRK'ler ile diğer nazal-paranazal sinüs anomalileri arasındaki korelasyonu değerlendirmek ve bu anomalilerin MsRK gelişimi için olası etkilerini ortaya koymak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Yöntemler: Çalışmada, 5166 hastanın paranazal sinüs bilgisayarlı tomografi (PNsBT) görüntüleri geriye dönük olarak değerlendirildi. PNsBT görüntülerinde MsRK'ler ile osteomeatal kompleks obstrüksiyonu, aksesuar ostium varlığı, orta konka anomalileri, nazal septal deviasyon arasındaki korelasyonlar analiz edildi. MsRK olan taraftaki paranasal sinüs anomalileri, olmayan tarafla karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: MsRK, 5166 hastanın 1429'unda (%27.6) toplamda 1880 olmak üzere saptandı. MsRK'lerin %88.7'sine en az bir nazal-paranazal sinus anomalisi eş-lik etti. Azalan sırada; osteomeatal komple...

BackgroundIn order to apply the right treatment for hemostatic disorders in pediatric patients, laboratory data should be interpreted with age-appropriate reference ranges.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determining age-dependent reference range values for prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen tests, and D-dimer tests.Materials and MethodsA total of 320 volunteers were included in the study with the following ages: 1 month - 1 year (n = 52), 2 - 5 years (n = 50), 6 - 10 years (n = 48), 11 - 17 years (n = 38), and 18 - 65 years (n = 132). Each volunteer completed a survey to exclude hemostatic system disorder. Using a nonparametric method, the lower and upper limits, including 95% distribution and 90% confidence intervals, were calculated.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were found between PT and aPTT values in the groups consisting of children. Thus, the reference ranges were separated into child and adult age groups. PT and aPTT values were significantly higher in the children than in the adults. Fibrinogen values in the 6 - 10 age group and the adult age group were significantly higher than in the other groups. D-dimer levels were significantly lower in those aged 2 - 17; thus, a separate reference range was established.ConclusionsThese results support other findings related to developmental hemostasis, confirming that adult and pediatric age groups should be evaluated using different reference ranges.

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ÖZAmaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, parotis bezi Warthin tümörü olan hastaları retrospektif olarak inceleyerek, hastaların demografik ve klinik özelliklerini, uygulanan cerrahi tedavi sonuçlarını ve nüks durumlarını tanımlamaktır. Yöntemler: Temmuz 2008 ile Ağustos 2014 tarihleri arasında parotis bezi Warthin tümörü nedeniyle opere edilen kırk bir hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların demografik özellikleri, operasyon şekli, takip süresi, çift taraflılık ve cerrahi tedavi sonrası nüks durumu kaydedildi. Takipte bütün hastalara kontrastlı manyetik rözen-ans görüntüleme uygulandı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastalar 40 ile 81 yaş arasındaydı (ortalama yaş 57,9). Erkek kadın oranı 4,8:1 idi. Kırk bir hastanın yedisinde çift taraflı Warthin tümörü saptandı. Kırk üç yüzeyel parsiyel parotidektomi ve üç total parotidektomi uygulandı. Çift taraflı tümörü olan hastalardan ikisi tedaviyi reddetmesi üzerine diğer taraftan cerrahi yapılmadı. Cerrahi sonrası hastalar ortalama 21,7 ay takip edildi, iki hastada nüks saptandı. Sonuç: Uzun dönem nüks riski göz önüne alındığında yüzeyel parsiyel parotidektominin yüzeyel lob yerleşimli Warthin tümörlerinde uygun tedavi yöntemi olduğu görüldü.Anahtar kelimeler: Warthin tümörü, yüzeyel parsiyel parotidektomi, nüks, takip ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study is to describe patients' demographic and clinical features, results of applied surgical treatment and recurrence status by retrospectively investigating the patients with Whartin`s tumor of parotis gland. Methods: Forty-one patients who were operated between July 2008 and August 2014 because of Warthin's tumour of parotid gland were included in the study. Patients' demographic features, operation type, follow-up time, bilaterality and recurrence status after surgical treatment were noted. Magnetic resonance imaging with contrast was implemented to all patients during follow-up. Results: The patients aged between 40 and 81 years (median age, 57.9) were included in the study. Male/female ratio was 4,8:1. Bilateral Warthin's tumours were detected in seven of the forty-one patients. Forty-three superficial partial parotidectomies and three total parotidectomies were performed. Contralateral surgeries were not performed in 2 patients with bilateral tumors who refused surgical treatment. The patients were followed up for a median of 21.7 months after surgery. The disease recurred in two patients. Conclusion: Superficial partial parotidectomy was established as a suitable treatment modality with Warthin's tumours localized in superficial lobe when the long-term risk of recurrence was taken into consideration.