Automated synthesis of [ 18 F]ciprofloxacin in a TRACERlab TM FX FDG (GE Healthcare) synthesis module was developed. Dependence of radiochemical yield on reactor type was observed. 3-mL V-shaped borosilicate glass reactor gave higher radiochemical yield as compared with standard 15-mL glassy carbon reactor. V-shaped borosilicate glass reactor might also give higher radiochemical yield for other [ 18 F]radiotracers than [ 18 F]ciprofloxacin. a b s t r a c tWe transferred the previously published manual synthesis of [ 18 F]ciprofloxacin (decay-corrected RCY: 5.5 71.0%) to an automated synthesis module (TRACERlab TM FX FDG , GE Healthcare) and observed a strong decrease in RCY (0.4 70.4%). When replacing the standard 15-mL glassy carbon reactor of the synthesis module with a 3-mL V-shaped borosilicate glass reactor a considerable improvement in RCY was observed. [ 18 F]Ciprofloxacin was obtained in a RCY of 2.7 71.4% (n ¼23) with a specific activity at EOS of 1.47 0.5 GBq/mmol in a synthesis time of 160 min.

Abstract. Indoor thermal environment is one of the criteria in sustainable building. This criterion is important in ensuring a healthy indoor environment for the occupants. The consideration of environmental concerns at the early design stage would effectively integrate the sustainability of the building environment. Global climate changes such as global warming do affect human comfort since people spend most of their time and activities in the building. The increasing of urban population required additional housing for households, as well as places to shop, office and other facilities. Occupants are now more conscious the importance of sustainability for a better quality of life. Good thermal environment is essential for human wellness and comfort. A residential environment will influence residents' health and safety. The global warming increase the earth's temperature and greenhouse emission to the atmosphere cause adverse effects to the outdoor environment. Residential developments modify the materials, structure and energy balance in urban climate effects of human economic activities. As an indoor environment is influenced by the outdoor condition, the factors affecting indoor thermal environment are crucial in improving a comfortable and healthy environment in residential building. The microclimatic of a site such as temperature and relative humidity, and wind movement led to the variation of indoor thermal environment in the building.

A qualitative assessment that identifies factors to support the mould growth in the library building and makes a recommendation for correcting these factors provide helpful guidance for the librarian and the library users. The aim of this paper is to examine whether qualitative assessment of mould growth can provide better information about library environments. The information gathered from the walk-through, interviews, and ventilation review using Microclimate data logger of three university libraries in Malaysia. Researcher was conducting a visual inspection of the immediate building interior and exterior including ventilation and air conditioning system. In conclusion, applicable qualitative assessment of mould can be use and sufficient to begin planning appropriate improvements to the environment.

Abstract. Malaysia's development has been largely financed from its fossil fuels resources that come principally from the South China Sea. This has enabled electricity to be distributed equitably throughout society and improved the quality of life for people in Malaysia. However, the depletion of fossil fuel resources and the international conflict over South China Sea territorial ownership may leads to inadequacy of supply in the future, and may give direct impact to people in the rural areas. Malaysia's greatest potential for solar energy comes from photovoltaics (PVs) and the large roofs of village houses offer significant potential to contribute electricity both nationally and to the local communities. However, this technology is still unfamiliar to the people living in local villages due to the subsidised electricity by TNB and high capital costs of PV systems. This paper investigates whether establishing a "solar village" is feasible in Malaysia. Through a cost feasibility analysis, the potential of harnessing solar electricity for local villages in Malaysia has been demonstrated. A novel mechanism has been presented that allows rural households to own PV panels, rent the grid cables and to share surplus electricity within the community through a three (3) way financing routes map.

This paper presents the preliminary results of a simulation study on the production of low cost Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for a landslide study area in Seri Iskandar, Perak. The important objective of this paper is to present the potentiality of Close Range Photogrammetry (CRP) as a data acquisition tool in producing a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) by using data from surface measurement. This method was applied using stereopair photographs captured data from ground level detection, or known as close range photogrammetry with the use of a digital camera mounted on a tripod as a tool for data collection. Close Range Photogrammetry (CRP) applications is useful for mapping of areas that are difficult and risky to point manpower on terrain that consist of steep and dangerous slopes. Conventional methods require measurement using Electronic Distance Measuring (EDM), but this method is very costly and requires a survey team placed on the land site area. The research data were carried out with two different epoch data. The outcome proves that CRP can produce DEM with less cost compared to other methods.