AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of Indonesian propolis gel 5% in Wistar rats alveolar bone, toward malondialdehyde serum levels and osteoblast cells number caused by orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). METHODS: This was an experimental study using the post-test only group design. The samples were 28 male Wistar rats, divided into four groups: G1 (control group) – group without OTM and without propolis, G2 – group without OTM and with propolis, G3 – group with OTM and without propolis, and G4 – group with OTM and with propolis. Propolis available in the form of 5% gel and 30 gf helical spring force of OTM applied. Spring was applied in rat maxilla incisors. OTM treatment was given 17 days, and on day 18, blood samples were taken for the measurement of malondialdehyde levels, then tested using the ELISA test. Variable of osteoblast was calculated histologically using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The data of malondialdehyde level and the osteoblast number obtained were tested using one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The result indicated that osteoblast number was higher with propolis application compared to those without propolis in the control group and orthodontic tooth treatment group (G2>G1, 23.97 ± 2.95 vs. 18.63 ± 3.04 and G4>G3, 34.17 ± 5.57 vs. 28.26 ± 2.62) with significant difference (p < 0.05). Propolis application also reduces malondialdehyde serum level when compared to both groups without propolis (control and OTM group) (G2<G1, 1.02 ± 0.18 nmol/ml vs. 1.55 ± 0.24 nmol/ml and G4<G3 1.29 ± 0.22 nmol/ml vs. 1.83 ± 0.21 nmol/ml) and significantly different (p < 0.05). OTM increased the malondialdehyde level compared to the control group, with a significant difference (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Propolis gel 5% application can reduce malondialdehyde serum level and could increase the number of osteoblast.

Introduction: Most Indonesian brushes their teeth unproperly. This causes the rate of toothache due to caries is still high. The skill of brushing teeth should be taught from a young age. Materaials and Methods:This study is an qualitative applied study, namely implementing brushing day and night program at school for 21 days. This program involves 252 children including their parents, 17 teachers, and 5 dentists as counselor.The number of samples were 17 children. They were from 17 different classes, who followed until finished. Children's age ranges from 7-12 years old. This activity was carried out online.The materials prepared were animated educational videos, a 21-days toothbrushing calendar, colored pencils, children's toothbrushes and fluoridated toothpaste.A structured interview was used as research instrumment. Educational themes for children include: knowledge about teeth in general, the causes of dental caries,the brushing teeth method, and the pledge to brushing teeth. This program includes promotive, preventive, and counseling activities. The data were carried out during and after the activity was completed, then analyzed qualitatively. Results and Discussions:Children diligently brush their teeth in the right way, every morning after breakfast, and at night before going to bed. Parents take an active role in providing facilities, and accompanying their children when brushing their teeth. Conclusion:Children's awareness to maintain dental health increases, it becomes better than before

Background: The most common radiographic examinations in orthodontic are panoramic and lateral cephalometry. In panoramic and lateral cephalometric images in adult patients, sometimes can be found a fine foreign object which sometimes confuses as it scattered the radiographic image, such as needles. The needles found in the patients are known as “susuk” in Malay and Indonesian language or charm needles which believed to enhance beauty, charism, health, youth, luck, and to relieve pain. This case reports aim to elaborate the incidental radiographic finding of charm needle or “susuk” in orthodontic panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiograph.Case Description: There was four adult woman conducted panoramic and cephalometric radiograph as a routine procedure before orthodontic treatment. The number of susuk inserted were varied, as it considered that the more needle increases the magical potency. In Case 1, the panoramic image depicts one “susuk” in the middle of the root of 44 (FDI notation) tooth. Besides, the cephalometric radiographs also show a “susuk” horizontally inserted at the root of the anterior lower teeth area. The panoramic image reveals one susuk around chin area below the apex of 42 teeth on Case 2 as well as on the soft tissue chin area in front of the apex of 41 teeth on cephalometric radiographs. In Case 3, two “susuk” were found inserted bilaterally symmetric at the upper premolar area by the panoramic image. Then, five “susuk” in the mandible and four “susuk” at the upper area of the maxilla were found in Case 4 by the panoramic image. Conclusion: The susuk are often exposed as incidental findings in panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs that are taken before performing routine orthodontic treatments. Understanding the presence of susuk is essential to avoid misdiagnosis and mismanagement and help radiologists to prevent confusion while interpreting images.

Gigitan dalam atau deep bite merupakan salah satu maloklusi yang sering terjadi disebabkan oleh berbagai macam faktor. Etiologi dari gigitan dalam mungkin dapat terjadi dari berbagai tingkatan struktur seperti gigi-geligi, rahang, kebiasaan buruk dan lain sebagainya. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kasus gigitan dalam dengan metode analisis Thompson & Brodie. Simpulan bahwa terdapat tiga kemungkinan yaitu jika overbite masih berlebihan sedang stenz bagian posterior hampir habis tergigit maka gigitan dalam tersebut karena supra oklusi gigi depan (belakang normal). Jika overbite normal dan stenz bagian posterior tebal maka gigitan dalam tersebut karena infra oklusi gigi posterior (anterior normal). Jika overbite masih berlebihan sedang stenz bagian posterior tebal maka gigitan dalam tersebut karena kombinasi supra oklusi gigi anterior dan infra oklusi gigi posterior

Introduction: one of the malocclusion’s etiology is bad habits such as mouth breathing habit. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the mouth breathing habit through with the type of malocclusion. Materials and Method: the sampling method used was purposive sampling obtained from giving questionnaires to parents and clinical examination of the oral cavity of students at SDN 17 Dauh Puri Denpasar. The number of samples with mouth breathing habit were 50 samples. Classification of dentition malocclusion in students was assessed using a modified Dewey Angle Classification. Data analysis used the chi-square test. Results and Discussion: the results of this study were that the mouth breathing habit was more dominant in the Class I Angle type 2 Dewey malocclusion with a total of 25 students (50%) and in the Class I Angle type 4 Dewey malocclusion with a total of 14 students (28%). Conclusion: the conclusion of this study is that there is a significant relationship between the mouth breathing habit and the type of malocclusion.