ABSTRACT:The aim of our study was to establish the relative frequency of biopsy proven tumors of central nervous system (CNS). Two hundred and forty two (242) CNS Biopsy specimens were studied in a one year period. Out of 72 CNS tumors, 66 were primary 4 were metastatic. Among 4 metastatic tumors, the most common histological type is adenocarcinoma. The most frequent type of CNS tumour was astrocytoma followed by meningioma.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a common spectrum of abnormal placental villous trophoblastic proliferation that occurs in women of reproductive age group. The present study is undertaken to discuss about the epidemiology, clinical presentation and pathology diagnosis of each of the trophoblastic disease variants. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The present study included 82 cases of GTD over a period of 3 years. The H&E sections of FFPE tissue were studied. Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stain was done as an adjuvant in 5 cases of early complete mole. IHC with p57 kip2 was done in 6 cases of complete mole and 6 cases of partial mole. RESULTS: Hydatidiform mole (93.9%) was the most common variant of GTD with peak incidence in 21-30 years age group and more common in primigravida. There were one case of invasive mole, 2 cases of choriocarcinoma and 2 cases of persistent trophoblastic disease. Most patients of GTD were of blood group O followed by group A. Early complete mole, complete mole and partial mole were differentiated by examining H&E sections. Myxoid stroma of early complete mole showed PAS positivity. p57 was negative in all the 6 cases of complete mole. Five cases of partial mole showed positivity, but one case was negative; on review, it was diagnosed as complete mole.CONCLUSION: The study shows the high incidence of molar pregnancies in Indian women and discusses the importance and utility of IHC in hydatidiform mole pathology.

Congenital teratomas represent derivatives of all three germinal cell layers, arranged in varying degree of complexity and they rarely affect the orbit. We report a rare case of unilateral congenital orbital teratoma with marked proptosis presenting at birth.

BACKGROUND:Pancytopenia is a relatively common hematological entity resulting from a variety of disease processes. The present study is carried out to find out the causes of pancytopenia by bone marrow examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bone marrow examination is carried out in 120 cases of pancytopenia over a period of 3 years. Age of patients ranged from 2 to 75 years with a mean of 32 years. Most of the patients presented with generalized weakness and fever. Commonest physical finding was pallor followed by splenomegaly. Dimorphic anemia was the predominant blood picture. The commonest marrow finding was megaloblastic erythroid hyperplasia. The commonest cause of pancytopenia was megaloblastic anemia (58.3%) followed by aplastic anemia (18.3%). Others include acute leukemia, myelodysplasia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and disseminated tuberculosis. CONCLUSION: The present study shows the importance of bone marrow examination in evaluating pancytopenia and the geographical variation in the etiology as megaloblastic anemia is the predominant cause of pancytopenia in Indian subcontinent. KEYWORDS: pancytopenia, bone marrow, megaloblastic anemia, aplastic anemia. INTRODUCTION:Pancytopenia is a disorder in which all three major formed elements of blood (red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets) are decreased than normal. It is a relatively common clinicohaematological entity encountered in our day-to-day clinical practice. Manifestations of peripheral pancytopenia are due to a wide variety of disorders which primarily or secondarily affect the bone marrow. [1] The presenting symptoms are usually attributable to anemia, thrombocytopenia and leucopenia. The severity of pancytopenia and the underlying pathology determine the management and prognosis of the patients. The present study has been undertaken to evaluate the various causes of pancytopenia by bone marrow examination.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:To study various pathological changes that occurs in the placentas of low birth weight live births and to obtain probable etiological causes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty placentas of low birth weight (LBW) live births collected were studied evaluating both gross and microscopic features. RESULTS: Anemia and PIH are the most common conditions that produce LBW live births. Placental morphological changes increase in direct proportion to the severity of the disease. Membrane opacities (48%), perivillous fibrin (46%) and placental infarcts are the most commonly observed morphological changes in LBW live births. Syncytial knots (88%) and fibrinoid necrosis (88%) are the most common histological findings in severe anemia. CONCLUSION: Study of the placenta will help to understand the role of the placenta in LBW live births and may give an insight into the etiopathogenesis of intrauterine growth retardation.