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This article explores constructions of Spanish masculinity in the first decades of the twentieth century, as Spain engaged in colonialist wars in Morocco; memoirs and literary texts by travellers, soldiers and military leaders such as Francisco Franco and José Millán Astray are read alongside theoretical works. I argue that, like European Orientalism, Spanish Orientalism projects onto Moroccan men an image of fanaticism, barbaric violence and ultra-virile yet 'polymorphously perverse' sexuality. However, that particular image of masculinity is just as often re-assimilated into a Spanish national identity that can never quite manage to assert its fundamental difference from North Africa.