Interactions between antiretrovirals and other drugs are frequent in clinical practice. The most common are those affecting drug metabolism due to induction or inhibition of the CYP450, leading to abnormal drug exposure. It is by this mechanism that most HIV protease inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and maraviroc often interact with other medications. In contrast, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and some integrase inhibitors, which do not or only marginally affect CYP450, are relatively free of significant pharmacokinetic interactions, although nucleoside analogs might be involved in some pharmacodynamic interactions.

Valaciclovir-associated C. difficile colitis, although rare, can have severe consequences for the patient's health. It should be included as a possible adverse effect of valaciclovir treatment by health professionals.

The Lumiere brothers, inventors of the cinematograph, did not think that it could be more interesting than a mere fairground attraction. However, at the beginning of the 20th century, the cinema was considered a medium of immense educational potential and it has been analyzed from multiple perspectives for its cultural value. Not only was George Meliés the first director to believe in the potential of cinema, simultaneously with the director Alice Guy, fictional cinema also began. Directors and theorists such as Griffith or Eisenstein, Riccioto Canudo, Henry Agel, Guido Aristarco, or André Bazin demonstrated the importance of the language of cinema from a practical perspective. The main objective here is to collect some of the most significant experiences in film pedagogy in the Spanish context, and discover with them the meaning and the sense of delving into this field and its importance in the real context of the screens that nourish the digital environment multimedia and transmedia. From the first film clubs, university experiences, pedagogical associations/groups, and the creation of educational centers, to audiovisual literacy actions for groups at risk of exclusion. As an example of the educational potential of cinema in isolation contexts, we will outline a recent case of its application in penitentiary institutions.

BackgroundDysphagia is usually caused by stroke, dementia, ageing or progressive conditions. Manipulations of solid drugs occur frequently in these patients, which may alter bioavailability, efficacy and/or side-effect profile of drugs, leading to medicine administration errors (MAEs).PurposeThe aim of this study was to analyse the drugs most frequently prescribed requiring manipulation in patients with swallowing difficulties, and of these, those which are not suitable for use in this manner (enteric coats, small therapeutic windows, slow release, etc.).Material and methodsA prospective longitudinal study was performed (2 months) in the internal medical unit.Pharmacotherapy prescribed to inpatients with dysphagia was evaluated using a CPOE program.Data collected were: age, drugs requiring manipulation and if manipulation was possible. To avoid MAEs, the pharmacist performed interventions to the nurse and/or prescriber. Acceptance or rejection of the intervention was measured.ResultsPharmacotherapy of 54 inpatients was analysed. Median age was 82 years. Each patient received (on average) 12 different drugs. Seventy-seven per cent of oral drugs were not in an appropriate dosage form.The pharmacist performed a total of 82 interventions: 48 of them involved drugs that could be crushed/dispersed but had alternatives that the physician could switch (liquid or dispersible oral forms) or required precautions associated with manipulation by the nurse (vehicle more appropriate to disperse, worker protection). All interventions were accepted. Drugs most frequently involved were: acenocoumarol with five interventions; levodopa/carbidopa with four; enalapril, pregabalin, risperidone and digoxin with three; and omeprazole, silodosin, amlodipine, duloxetine and atenolol with two. The pharmacist detected 22 different MAEs and performed 34 interventions to avoid them: 15 to the physician (involving drugs not suitable for manipulation), recommended switching to an alternative (67% interventions accepted) and 19 to nurses due to incorrect manipulation (37% accepted). Drugs involved were: pantoprazole with eight interventions, acetylsalicylic-acid and dutasteride/tamsulosin with three, spironolactone with two and other drugs with one.ConclusionMost of the oral medications prescribed to patients with dysphagia were manipulated, which can promote MAEs. The increased MAE rate in these patients means that health professionals need to take extra care when prescribing and administering drugs to these patients. Hospital pharmacists should assess the suitability of medication formulations and discuss swallowing difficulties with the prescriber.References and/or AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements to pharmacists and internal medical unitNo conflict of interest

ment of their activity. We provide the primary conceptual basis to discuss Responsible Communication with the utmost rigor, beyond market trends, crises or other imperatives conditioned by the different models employed. The article concludes by proposing a theoretical and maximalist definition of Responsible Communication and breaking down the aspects that this definition would imply.