Key Points
Question
Does enteral fatty acid supplementation with arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from birth to 40 weeks’ postmenstrual age reduce severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in extremely preterm infants?
Findings
This randomized clinical trial found that enteral AA and DHA supplementation lowered the risk of severe ROP by 50%. In addition, the group that received enteral AA and DHA supplementation showed higher serum levels of both AA and DHA compared with controls.
Meaning
Supplementing the diet of the most immature infants born at less than 27 weeks’ gestational age with an enteral lipid solution with AA:DHA had no significant adverse effects and seems to be a promising intervention to prevent sight-threatening ROP and thereby reduce visual impartment and blindness.
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