Although ensuring good animal health is a stated aim of organic livestock farming and an important reason why consumers purchase organic products, the health states actually achieved are comparable to those in conventional farming. Unfortunately, there have been no studies to date that have assessed stakeholder views on different policy options for improving animal health on organic dairy farms. To address this deficit, stakeholder consultations were conducted in four European countries, involving 39 supply-chain stakeholders (farmers, advisors, veterinarians, inspectors, processors, and retailers). Stakeholders were encouraged to discuss different ways, including policy change, of improving organic health states. Acknowledging the need for further health improvements in organic dairy herds, stakeholders generally favoured establishing outcome-oriented animal health requirements as a way of achieving this. However, as a result of differing priorities for animal health improvement, there was disagreement on questions such as: who should be responsible for assessing animal health status on organic farms; and how to define and implement minimum health requirements. The results of the study suggest that future research must fully explore the opportunities and risks of different policy options and also suggest ways to overcome the divergence of stakeholders’ interests in public debates.
The levels of production diseases (PD) and the cow replacement rate are high in dairy farming. They indicate excessive production demands on the cow and a poor state of animal welfare. This is the subject of increasing public debate. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of production diseases on the economic sustainability of dairy farms. The contributions of individual culled cows to the farm’s economic performance were calculated, based on milk recording and accounting data from 32 farms in Germany. Cows were identified as ‘profit cows’ when they reached their individual ‘break-even point’. Data from milk recordings (yield and indicators for PD) were used to cluster farms by means of a principal component and a cluster analysis. The analysis revealed five clusters of farms. The average proportion of profit cows was 57.5%, 55.6%, 44.1%, 29.4% and 19.5%. Clusters characterized by a high proportion of cows with metabolic problems and high culling and mortality rates had lower proportions of profit cows, somewhat irrespective of the average milk-yield per cow. Changing the perception of PD from considering it as collateral damage to a threat to the farms’ economic viability might foster change processes to reduce production diseases.
Capturing systemic interrelationships by an impact analysis to help reduce production diseases in dairy farms. Agricultural Systems, 153. pp. 4352.
The transfer of knowledge and information gained from scientific investigations into farm practice is a primary constituent of applied agricultural science. The importance of this for both agricultural practice and agricultural science is in stark contrast with the fact that only very few studies have been conducted so far which have focussed on the framework required to achieve a successful transfer of knowledge.Both the necessary prerequisites for and potential barriers to the successful transfer of knowledge regarding the issue of animal health have been the topic of this study taking different stakeholder perspectives into account. Based on a socio-cognitive approach to knowledge transfer, different communication techniques (e.g. estimations of animal health situations, environmental stakeholder analysis and dialogue cafes) were used to depict and record the views on and understanding of different stakeholders on the issue of animal health.The analysis revealed divergence in the understanding of animal health, unclear responsibilities and self-referential judgements as barriers in the process of knowledge transfer. In the face of these constraints it is concluded that a targeted transfer of knowledge with respect to the issue of animal health is considerably compromised, requiring the creation of a framework which would provide the conditions for knowledge transfer. A common strategic goal, limiting the prevalence of production diseases, would help to bypass the current lack of a universally accepted definition of animal health. At the same time, this would function as a quality reference value in line with growing interest in animal welfare in livestock production.
Eine empirische UntersuchungHauptbeiträge Nicht erst seit den jüngsten Dopingvorfällen befindet sich der traditionell organisierte Pferdesport in Deutschland in einer Krise (Gross, 2009). In der Bestandserhebung der deutschen Spitzenverbände des Deutschen Olympischen Sportbundes (DOSB) 2008 hat die Deutsche Reiterliche Vereinigung e.V. (FN) einen Platz einbüßen müssen und rangiert derzeit auf Platz 8. Im Jahr 2007 wurde sie vom Deutschen Alpenverein überholt, der seit 2005 fast 70.000 Mitglieder dazugewonnen hat. Dagegen hat die FN im selben Zeitraum gut 11.000 Mitglieder verloren (DOSB, 2008), obwohl im Zeitraum 2001 bis 2007 die Zahl der Pferdesportler von 2,9 Mio. auf 3,8 Mio. anstieg (AWA, 2007). Dieser positive Entwicklungstrend im Pferdesport findet offenbar weitgehend außerhalb der klassischen Reitvereine statt. Im Gegensatz zu den klassischen Pferdesportvereinen, die in der FN organisiert sind, konnten jün-gere Disziplinen in den vergangenen Jahren in Deutschland hohe Mitgliederzuwächse verzeichnen. In der vorliegenden Studie werden als Vertreter der moderneren Pferdesportdisziplinen das Distanzreiten, das Westernreiten und der Sport mit Islandpferden betrachtet.Der Reitsport (und die ihn betreibende Klientel) hat sich, wie viele andere Sportarten in Deutschland auch, in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten verändert. Dies hat zur Folge, dass sich Reitvereine und -betriebe auf die Veränderungen der Sportler einstellen müssen. Überdies steht der traditionelle/klassische Reitsport in stetigem Wettbewerb zu anderen Sportarten und Freizeitaktivitäten. Die aktuellen Dopingskandale haben die Situation im Pferdesport weiterhin verschärft (Schade, 2009), so dass die traditionelle Pferdesportbranche zukünftig vor der Aufgabe steht, den klassischen Reitsport für viele Reiter und weitere Interessierte attraktiver zu gestalten und zu vermarkten. Im Hinblick auf den Reitsport liegen für die Nachfragerseite, also den Sportlermarkt, bisher kaum Daten vor (IPSOS, 2003). Insbesondere fehlen Informationen über die verschiedenen Zielgruppen im Bereich des Pferdesports. Durch den verschärften Wettbewerb, nicht nur innerhalb der Reitsportdisziplinen, sondern auch mit anderen Freizeit-und Vergnügungsangeboten und in der Folge sinkender Mitgliederzahlen, ist es für den klassischen Pferdesport von herausragender Bedeutung, kundenorientiert und marktnah zu agieren. Ausgangspunkt dieser Marketingaktivitäten sind dabei die genauen Kenntnisse über die am Markt zu bedienenden Zielgruppen mit ihren individuellen Ansprüchen. Motive des Sporttreibens allgemein wurden u. a. durch das Institut für Demoskopie Allensbach (2001), Gabler (2002) sowie Opaschowski, Pries und Reinhardt (2006) ermittelt. Vergleichbare Arbeiten für den Pferdesport liegen bis auf die IPSOS-Studie (2001) nicht vor. Die Erhebungen der IPSOS-Studie zielen dabei auf den allgemeinen Reitsport ab, ohne die Kunden differenziert zu betrachten. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist es daher, genauere Informationen über die Motive der einzelnen Zielgruppen im Pferdesport zu gewinnen...
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