AbstrakKaries merupakan masalah utama di rongga mulut anak. Kerusakan gigi sulung lebih cepat menyebar, meluas dan lebih parah dari pada gigi permanen. Karies lebih banyak ditemukan pada orang dengan status sosial ekonomi rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan status sosial ekonomi dengan kejadian karies pada gigi sulung anak usia 4 dan 5 tahun pada murid TK Adzkia II, TK Lillah, dan TK Mutiara Ananda di Kota Padang.Penelitian ini bersifat observasi analitik menggunakan metode cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah murid TK Adzkia II, TK Lillah, dan TK Mutiara Ananda yang berumur 4-5 tahun atau murid lokal A yang berjumlah sebanyak 59 orang, sampel yang diteliti 57 orang. Metode pengambilan data primer yaitu dengan melakukan wawancara dengan orang tua dan pemeriksaan status karies responden.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan status sosial ekonomi orang tua dari responden 75,4% tidak miskin dan status karies responden 50,9% baik. Dari responden yang tidak miskin, 46,5% memiliki status karies yang buruk, 53,5% memiliki status karies yang baik. Hasil uji statistik diperoleh tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna dari proporsi status karies responden dengan pendapatan orang tua responden.Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa responden dengan status sosial ekonomi tidak miskin dan status karies baik lebih dominan. Disarankan kepada sekolah agar memberikan pengetahuan tentang kesehatan gigi dan mulut secara rutin kepada murid – murid dan bagi orang tua lebih memperhatikan jajanan yang dikonsumsi oleh anaknya.Kata Kunci : karies, status sosial ekonomiAbstractCaries is a major issue in the oral cavity of children. Damage spreading deciduous teeth faster, more widespread and severe than in permanent teeth. Caries are more common in people with low socioeconomic status. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of socioeconomic parents status with the incidence of caries in primary teeth of kindergarten students age 4 and 5 years in Adzkia II, Lillah, and Mutiara Ananda in Padang.ARTIKEL PENELITIAN97This observational study using cross sectional analytic. The study population was kindergarten students aged 4-5 years Adzkia II, Lillah, and Mutiara Ananda or A local student who numbered as many as 59 people, the studied sample of 57 people. Primary data collection method is to conduct interviews with parents and the examination of dental caries status of respondents.Research shows parental socioeconomic status of respondents 75.4% were not poor and caries status of respondents 50.9% good. Of the respondents who are not poor, 46.5% had caries status poor, 53.5% had a good caries status. The results of statistical tests obtained no significant association of the proportion of caries status of respondents with incomes of respondents.From this study it can be concluded that the respondents with the non-poor socio-economic status and caries status either more dominant. Recommended to the schools to provide knowledge about oral health on a regular basis to students - for students and parents pay more attention to snacks consumed by children.Key word : caries, socioeconomic status.

Tanjung Tedung Coastal Coast is located in Tanjung Pura Village, Sungai Selan Subdistrict, Bangka Tengah. Regency which has the potential to be developed into a mangrove ecowista area, because almost along the coastal area is overgrown with ecosystem mengrove. This study aims to identify the potential of mangrove ecosystems and calculate the Tourist Compatibility Index (IKW) potential of mangrove area as ecotourism area of mangrove. The data were collected from March to April 2018 in Tanjung Tedung Coastal Coast. The research method used is Purposive Sampling. Research area taken as many as 3 stations. The data analysis is based on tourism conformity index matrix (IKW). Data of mangrove tourism conformity parameter consisting of: mangrove thickness, mangrove density, mangrove species, tidal and biota object. The result of measurement of mangrove tourism match parameters are thickness at station I worth 303,57 m, station II worth 366,57 m and station III worth 1,061,44 m. Density of station I with value 0.11 ind / m². Station II worth 0.10 ind / m² and station III with value 0.16 ind / m². Found 9 Species of mangroves and other biota such as: fish, shrimp, crab, molluscs, reptiles, birds and other biota. The result of conformity analysis to be used as ecotourism area with IKW value of station I worth 78.95% with Appropriate category. Furthermore at station II IKW value is 78.95% with Appropriate category. and station III got the value of IKW worth 96.05% with category Very

Selective hydrogenation of dodecanoic acid over supported bimetallic Ni-Sn alloy catalysts into dodecane-1-ol is demonstrated. Bimetallic nickel-tin supported on titanium oxide (Ni-Sn(1.5)/TiO2) and gamma-alumina (Ni-Sn(1.5)/-Al2O3); 1.5 = Ni/Sn molar ratio) were synthesized via hydrothermal method in a sealed-Teflon autoclave reactor at 150 o C for 24 h, then followed by reducing with hydrogen gas at 400 o C for 1.5 h. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, IC-AES, N2-adsorption (BET method), H2-chemisorption, and NH3-TPD. Bimetallic Ni-Sn(1.5)/TiO2 catalyst was found to be effective for hydrogenation of dodecanoic acid (>99 % conversion) to dodecane-1-ol (93% yield) at 160 o C, 30 bar H2, and 20 h and the highest dodecane-1-ol (97 % yield) was obtained at initial pressure of H2, 50 bar. An increase of reaction temperature slightly enhanced the degree of hydrodeoxygenation of dodecanoic acid to produce dodecane over both Ni-Sn(1.5)/TiO2 and Ni-Sn(1.5)/-Al2O3 catalysts.

The prevalence of caries in Indonesia has increased by 53.53% from 2013 to 2018. Low salivary pH (potential of Hydrogen) is one of the main causes of dental caries. Acid as metabolic product of oral microorganism can decrease the salivary pH. The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of gargling with green and black tea solutions on salivary pH. The increasing of salivary pH linear to salivary secretion. Gargling with green tea or black tea is one of the ways that can increase salivary secretion and pH by provides a mechanical and chemical stimulus to the oral cavity. Green tea and black tea contain polyphenols (catechins) which can increase salivary pH. Conclusion is gargling with green tea and black tea solutions can add salivary pH. Gargling with green tea is more effective to increase salivary pH than black tea. Green tea has a higher catechins content than black tea, in order to anti-cariogenic and anti-bacterial properties are more common in green tea.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between breastfeeding pattern and early childhood caries (ECC) based on a case in Bukittinggi. Materials and methods:This was a cross-sectional study located in Integrated Post Service (Posyandu) in Bukittinggi City. In this study, 66 pairs of parents and children aged 2 to 3 years were selected. Breastfeeding pattern was observed using questionnaire and decayed-extract-filled teeth (deft) index was used for ECC. Data were analyzed by chi-square test. Results:The average of the deft index was 2.33. Samples with exclusive breastfeeding have an average deft index of 1.42 and nonexclusive had an average deft index of 2.48 (p = 0.783). This study also found that samples with exclusive breastfeeding and complementary foods had a deft index of 2.27. Nonexclusive breastfeeding and complementary foods had a deft index of 2.31 (p = 0.038). Conclusion:Children with breastfeeding had a lower ECC degree. Breastfeeding with complementary foods at 6 months to 2 years had a significant relationship with ECC.Clinical significance: Breastfeed could lower the occurrence of ECC. Hence, breastfeeding needs to be promoted and the mothers guided in breastfeeding.