This paper is based on survey of various algorithms for all pair shortest path problem (APSP) on arbitrary real weighted directed graphs.This paper has summarized existing methods for solving shortest-path problems. In particular, we have addressed both sequential and parallel algorithms. We begin with a review of conventional sequential shortest-path algorithms and later, we have discussed blocked and vectorized implementation, thereby with the aim of reducing computational effort.

Introduction: India is leading in the burden of Tuberculosis (TB) according to the new report of the World Health Organisation (WHO) on the disease. Multi-Drug Resistant TB (MDR-TB) cases have been increasing in India. About half of the world’s MDR-TB cases are present in India. Aim: To assess the incidence of drug resistant TB in Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh, India, in the second quarter of the year 2019 and to determine the risk factors that are responsible to develop drug resistance to anti-tubercular drugs in the study population. Materials and Methods: A Community based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1st to June 30th in Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh. All the registered drug resistant TB cases in Prakasam district who gave consent during the study period were taken as sample. The diagnosed drug resistant TB patients were interviewed and proportions of different variables were calculated and chi-square test was used to test significance of results. Results: Out of 209 TB patients, 88 patients were having drug resistant TB in Prakasam district. Prevalence of Drug resistant TB in Prakasam district was calculated as 5.64 per one lac population. In the second quarter of the year 2019-2020, i.e., from April 1st to June 30th, 88 new cases were identified. Incidence of Drug resistant TB in Prakasam district was calculated as 2.38 per one lac population. Male persons (76%), having the age 20-40 years (42%), 40-60 (38.7%) belonging to middle class (45.5%) and migrating for work (85%) are at more risk of developing drug resistant TB. Most of the patients are developing drug resistant TB directly (70.5%) which is an alarming signal. The rifampicin resistant patients were also developing psychological complications (22). Drug toxicity was observed in 55% of the cases. Conclusion: Incidence of drug resistant TB was more in male persons, above 20 years of age, belonging to middle class socio-economic status and migrating for work. Most of the patients developed drug resistant TB directly without previous history of TB. Drug toxicity was observed in half of the cases. Psychological complications were observed in rifampicin resistant patients. Surveillance activity should be addressed properly to combat the risk factors.

Milk production is strongly influenced by psychological factors. Mothers who experience emotional disturbances can interfere with the let down reflex process which results in the milk not coming out, so the baby does not get enough milk and the baby will continue to cry. The research design used an analytic survey with a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted at the 23 Ilir Health Center in Palembang with samples taken from all populations according to the criteria. The results of the study found 13 respondents (81.2%) of the 37 respondents with unfavorable psychological conditions so that breast milk was not smooth, 15 (71.4%) of 37 respondents with good psychological conditions so that breast milk production was smooth. The statistical test results obtained a p value = 0.004 less than α = 0.05 which means Ho = rejected, so it is stated that there is a significant relationship between breast care and smooth milk production. Odds Ratio (OR) of 10.33 (95% CI = 2.24-52.19) which means that mothers with unfavorable psychological conditions with an odds ratio of 10.33 can affect the smooth production of breast milk. Based on the research results, there is a relationship between the psychological condition of the mother and the smooth production of breast milk, so it is very important to maintain the psychological condition of the mother to remain happy and happy during the breastfeeding process.

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Keluarga Berencana atau KB yaitu mewujudkan keluarga berkualitas melalui promosi, perlindungan, dan bantuan dalam mewujudkan hak-hak reproduksi serta penyelenggaraan pelayanan, pengaturan, dan dukungan yang diperlukan untuk membentuk keluarga dengan usia kawin yang ideal, mengatur jumlah, jarak dan usia ideal melahirkan anak, mengatur kehamilan serta membina ketahanan dan kesejahteraan keluarga. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui pengaruh umur dan paritas dengan penggunaan KB suntik 1 bulan. Desain penelitian menggunakan metode survey analitik dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 86 responden. Tehnik Pengambilan sampel secara total sampling. Analisa yang digunakan univariat dan bivariat dengan uji Chi -Square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan umur (20 – 35 tahun) sebanyak 53 (61,6%), umur (< 20 dan > 35 tahun) sebanyak 33 (38,4%), paritas  ≤ 2 anak  sebanyak 46 (53,5%) dan paritas > 2 anak sebanyak 40 (46,5%). Hasil bivariat menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara umur  (p = 0,002) dan paritas p = 0,000) dengan penggunaan KB suntik 1 bulan.