This research aims to produce a valid and reliable Indonesian language assessment instrument in form of HOTS test items and it describes the quality of HOTS test items to measure HOTS skill for the tenth grade of SMA and SMK students. This study was a research and development study adapted from Borg & Gall’s development model, including the following steps: research and information collection, planning, early product development, limited try out, revising the early product, field try out, and revising the final product. The research’s result shows that the HOTS assessment instrument in the form of HOTS test consists of 40 multiple choice items and 5 essay test items. Based on the judgment of the materials, construction, and language was valid and appropriate to be used. The reliability coefficients were 0.88 for the multiple-choice items, and 0.79 for essays. The multiple-choice items have the average difficulty 0.57 (average), the average of item discrimination 0.44 (good), and the distractors function well. The essay items have the average of item difficulty 0.60 (average) and the average of item discrimination 0.45 (good)

Ghimbo Potai Banned Indigenous Forest is a prohibited forest that has a variety of wood species and non-timber forest products used by communities around the forest, along with the times, the use of non-timber forest products began to decline. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of non-timber forest products that are used by the community in Ghimbo Potai Banned Indigenous Forest  and to determine the contribution of non-timber forest products to the community income around Ghimbo Potai Banned Indigenous Forest . This research was conducted with a qualitative descriptive method. The number of respondents was 170 respondents from Koto Tibun Village and Pulau Tinggi Village. The result show that Ghimbo Potai Banned Indigenous Forest  still has non-timber forest products that can still be used such as chempedak (Artocarpus integer), petai (Parkia speciosa), long jack (Eurycomma longifolia), rattan (Calamus rotang), rambutan (Nephellium sp.), langsat (Lansium domesticum Corr), tampoi (Beccauera sp.), tempunik (Artocarpus rigidus), durian (Durio zibethinus), jelutong (Dyera costulata), terap (Artocarpus sp.), pulasan (Nephelium mutabile), dogfruit (Archidendron pauciflorum) and the eyebrowed thrush (Turdus obscurus). The contribution of non-timber forest products in Koto Tibun Village was Rp. 596,400,000.00 per year, so the percentage of non-timber forest product revenue to total income was 19.56% and Pulau Tinggi Village no longer takes or utilizes existing non-timber forest products in Ghimbo Potai Banned Indigenous Forest .

Brebes is the largest shallot center in Indonesia. This area contributes 18.5 % of national or 57 % of production in Central Java. Farmers regularly spray about 63-93% of pesticides every 3-7 days in their maintenance. It is necessary to improve technology and the use of bacteria in it. This study aimed to determine the diversity of soil bacteria in two types of land use as initial information to optimize its role in overcoming pesticide pollution and increasing the productivity of shallots in the future. Sampling using the purposive sampling method. The bacteria community in the shallot field (KB2) and secondary forest (KB4) using the Next Generation Sequencing technique. Identification using FLASH (V1.2.7) and QIIME (V1.7.0) analysis. The results showed that the soil bacterial community in KB4 was higher than in KB2. The soil bacterial communities in KB2 were seven phyla, while in KB4 were eight phyla. In order of largest to the smallest relative abundance in KB2, including Proteobacteria (0.970%), Actinobacteria (0.015%), Firmicutes (0.014%), Fusobacteriota (0.001%), Desulfobacterota (0.0003%), Bacteroidota (0.0001%), and others (0.011%). In KB4, there are 8 phyla, namely Elusimicrobiota (6.385%), Cyanobacteria (3.192%), Proteobacteria (0.9861%), Actinobacteria (0.0041%), Firmicutes (0.0089%), Desulfobacterota (0.0001%), Bacteroidota (0.0002%), and others (0.0003%).

Industrial waste containing heavy metals used for wetland irrigation will affect the heavy metals content in the soil. The accumulation of heavy metals in the soil may result in reducing microbial activity, soil fertility, soil quality, and heavy metals compounds in agricultural products. Agricultural products contaminated by heavy metals can influence human health. The purpose of this study was to reduce the Pb content in Pb contaminated paddy fields. This research was conducted in a contaminated paddy field using factorial research and a Completely Randomized Block Design consisting of 3 factors : P (Inorganic fertilizer), B (Bioremediation agents), T (Ramie). Every treatment combination was repeated 3 times. This study used a combination of Ramie with Rhizobium sp. I3 or manure as bioremediation agents to improve Pb uptake by plants so could decrease soil Pb. The results showed that the bioremediation agents were able to increase Pb uptake by Ramie. Rhizobium sp. I3 gave the highest Pb uptake of 103.77 mg.kg-1 or 2 more times than control. The best treatment in decreasing Pb is with inorganic fertilizer, Rhizobium sp. I3 and Ramie (P1B1T1) with Pb soil 8.57 mg.kg-1 or 8.4 % than control and with inorganic fertilizer..