No abstract

National development in every country aims to create people's welfare. Agriculture plays an important role in improving the economic welfare of the Indonesian population. Research on the effect of agriculture on the Indonesians economic welfare has been widely carried out, while the effect of agriculture on the Indonesians happiness was still limited. This research aims to analyze the effect of GDP, agricultural GDP, and livestock GDP on Indonesians happiness. The study was conducted in January-April 2021. A regression model was applied with the dependent factor of the Happiness Index and independent factors of GDP, agricultural GDP, and livestock GDP of the Indonesians in 34 provinces in 2014 and 2017. GDP had no significant effect on the Indonesians happiness. GDP could be considered as one of the happiness components and should be combined with other indicators. Agricultural GDP had no significant effect on the Indonesians happiness. Agriculture was a producer of staple foods (basic human needs). When basic needs have been met and income has increased, the happiness was strongly influenced by non-material factors. Livestock GDP had no significant effect on the Indonesians happiness. Livestock was a producer of food sources of animal protein. For most Indonesians, animal food was still considered luxury goods with the characteristic that their expenditure for animal food was still very low.

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis posisi daya saing dan spesialisasi perdagangan daging sapi Indonesia di ASEAN. Penelitian dilakukan di Indonesia dengan sembilan negara anggota Asean lain (Malaysia, Philippina, Singapore, Thailand, Brunei, Vietnam, Kamboja, Laos, and Myanmar) sebagai pembanding. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder nilai ekspor dan impor daging sapi, dan ekspor komoditas Indonesia dan sembilan negara ASEAN lain tahun 2013 hingga 2017. Posisi daya saing daging sapi diukur menggunakan metode Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), sedangkan spesialisasi daging sapi dalam perdagangan internasional diukur menggunakan metode Indeks Spesialisasi Perdagangan (ISP). Hasil perhitungan RCA tahun 2013-2017 menunjukkan bahwa keunggulan komparatif perdagangan daging sapi Indonesia terendah di ASEAN (RCA=0,000). Hasil perhitungan ISP tahun 2013-2017 menunjukkan bahwa komoditas daging sapi Indonesia berada pada tahap pengenalan dalam perdagangan internasional (ISP=-1,000).Kata kunci: ISP (indeks spesialisasi perdagangan), keunggulan komparatif, perdagangan daging sapi, RCA ( revealed comparative advantage) ABSTRACTThis research was aimed to analyze Indonesian beef trading competitive position and specialization in ASEAN countries. This research was conducted in Indonesia with nine other ASEAN members (Brunei, Cambodia, Laos PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) as the comparison. The research used secondary data of beef export and import values, and export commodities from Indonesia and nine other ASEAN countries in 2013 to 2017. Beef competitive position was measured by using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) method, while the development of beef commodity in international trading was measured by using Trading Specialization Index (TSI) method. RCA calculation result in 2013-2017 showed the lowest comparative advantage of Indonesian beef trading in ASEAN (RCA = 0.000). TSI calculation result in 2013-2017 showed that Indonesian beef trading commodity was in introduction stage in international trading (TSI=-1.000).

Fermentation quality of Pennisetum purpureum (Schumach) cv. Mott ensiled with Lactobacillus plantarum [(Orla-Jensen) Bergey et al.] and sugarcane molasses in tropical condition was evaluated. Approximately 100 g portion of wilted material chopped into 20 mm lengths packed into plastic film bags and sealed with a vacuum sealer. T0 was untreated silage, T1 silage with 50 μL L. plantarum without molasses, and T2, T3, and T4 treated silage with 50 μL L. plantarum and 1 %, 2 %, and 3 % molasses respectively. The bag silos were stored in room temperature (average 25 °C) for 30 d of incubation. This study showed the chemical characteristics were not significantly differ among treatments, eventhough T3 and T4 showed higher organic matter (OM) and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) contents, meanwhile the highest crude protein (CP) was reached in T3. In general, molasses increased population of lactid acid bacteria (LAB) and decreased pathogen (coliform and aerob bacteria). The favour pH for silages (< 4) were only reached in addition 2 % and 3 % of molasses. It could be concluded that in tropical condition, L. plantarum it self could not improve silage quality. Addition 1 % to 3 % molasses improved silage quality, so that molasses were needed to improve fermentation quality of the grass silage with L. plantarum inoculation.

This study aimed to examine the factors and the influence of group dynamics and the independence of fishing group members in catch fisheries agribusiness activities. This research was carried out using a survey method in the Rukun Nelayan Blimbing in Paciran District, Lamongan Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia from February to March 2019. The result showed the group dynamics and independence of fishermen in catch fisheries was high, but group dynamics did not influence the independence of fishermen in catching fisheries agribusiness. The factors that influence group dynamics were structuring, coaching and development, atmosphere, effectiveness. The factors affected the independence of the group were the addition of production facilities, prices, market, and fishermen. Those factors are needed to attain the good management in maximum sustainable yield (MSY).