<p>Sejarah merupakan mata pelajaran yang kerap dianggap membosankan terutama oleh siswa di jenjang Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA), tidak terkecuali SMA di Kabupaten Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah. Kebosanan umumnya disebabkan karena materi sejarah yang banyak, cenderung hafalan, dan proses pembelajaran yang monoton baik dari segi model, metode, teknik dan soal-soal yang digunakan oleh guru. Soal sejarah dianggap kurang variatif karena kerap menampilkan tipe pilihan ganda dan uraian standar. Akibatnya, siswa kurang berkembang dalam mengoptimalkan daya pikirnya yang potensial. Untuk itulah Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah UNS menginisiasi adanya pelatihan penyusunan soal-soal HOTS (<em>Higher Order Thinking Skills</em>) sebagai bekal penting bagi para guru sejarah SMA di Karanganyar. Metode yang digunakan adalah pelatihan, pendampingan dan penugasan. Lewat pelatihan ini diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa: Pertama, guru sejarah harus memahami pengertian, tujuan dan arti penting penggunaan soal-soal berbasis HOTS dalam pembelajaran sejarah abad 21. Kedua, guru sejarah harus memahami berbagai tipe soal sejarah seperti <em>esay, multiple choise, true-false, completion, short answer</em>, dan penugasan. Ketiga, guru sejarah harus berlatih menguasai ketrampilan menyusun soal-soal sejarah variatif berbasis HOTS. Keempat, mengimplementasikan soal-soal sejarah variatif berbasis HOTS tersebut dalam pembelajaran sejarah SMA sehari-hari sehingga menjadi sebuah habit (kebiasaan).</p>

Collective Memory of Maluku Ambon community against the conflict that occurred in 1999-2003 has been aware that the local wisdom of Pela Gandong owned hundreds of years is very important to maintain. In fact, optimizing its function to maintain the reconciliation conflict Ambon Maluku has been achieved. Ambon people of Maluku define Pela Gandong as a model of friendship, fraternity system, or federal system developed between all indigenous peoples from two or more countries even before the colonial arrival. When Ambon conflict occurred Pela Gandong became part of conflict resolution. Today, the people of Ambon Maluku have expanded the function of Pela Gandong in various areas including education. This research aims to reveal how the local wisdom value implementation of Pela Gandong in education. The research was conducted in January 2018 at SMPN 9 Ambon with 98% of his students ' Christian/Catholic and SMPN 4, a religious Liang in 100% Islam. In order to obtain a research response, qualitative and descriptive methods. Collection of data through literature, interviews and observational-participatory study methods. The results reveal that the implementation of the multicultural values of Pela Gandong can be carried out well in formal educational institutions.