In Central Sulawesi, Napu valley and Lindu Lake (Indonesia), Schistosoma are spread in the host snails (Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis). In the present work, the influence of ecological factors on the spreading of Schistosoma japonicum cercariae infection in the snails were analyzed. The Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis snails were collected and analyzed by ring method in the form of graphs and matrices. The results showed that, the ecological environment and such as temperature, pH, humidity, light intensity, dissolved oxygen, and salinity, as well as food, have significant effect on the increase of cercariae infected snails. These results also reflect that Schistosomiasis is still a health problem that could potentially be re-emerging diseases, especially in those areas and therefore much interesting must considered to break their cycle in nature.

This study aims to develop an ebook that is integrated with a Learning Management System (LMS) to improve students' metacognition skills. The research uses the ADDIE development model (Assumption, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The research data were obtained from 40 students who filled out the questionnaire and took the pretest and posttest. The effectiveness of the ebook on improving metacognitive skills used N-Gain analysis and to determine the difference between the experimental and control classes, a T-test was performed, using One Group Pretest and Post-test Design. The results showed that ebook development was very good. The development of ebooks integrated with LMS can significantly improve students' metacognitive abilities. Thus, this study recommends that lecturers use ebooks that are integrated into the learning management system so that learning can run effectively to improve students' metacognitive abilities.

Antimicrobial and antifungal materials we prepared from Zn-containing wollastonite set by wet precipitation method.Wollastonite, hardystonite, willemite and very little quartz were developed after sintering at 1100°C/2h, however, the Raman spectroscopy approved the later phases by their characteristic Raman shift bands. The microstructure exhibited accumulated rounded to irregular clusters containing nano-size particles (< 500nm) developed in all sintered samples. Zeta potential; exposed negative values for all powdered samples from − 2.64 to -17.6 mV (i.e., for Zn-free to highest Zn-containing samples). It can be easily noticed that the lowest ZnO-content exhibits a varied range of antibacterial activities in contrast to Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus & B. subtilis). Correspondingly, the CZS5 exhibits good inhibitory effect against the lamentous pathogenic fungus (A. niger).

Antimicrobial and antifungal materials we prepared from Zn-containing wollastonite set by wet precipitation method. Wollastonite, hardystonite, willemite and very little quartz were developed after sintering at 1100°C/2h, however, the Raman spectroscopy approved the later phases by their characteristic Raman shift bands. The microstructure exhibited accumulated rounded to irregular clusters containing nano-size particles (< 500nm) developed in all sintered samples. Zeta potential; exposed negative values for all powdered samples from − 2.64 to -17.6 mV (i.e., for Zn-free to highest Zn-containing samples). It can be easily noticed that the lowest ZnO-content exhibits a varied range of antibacterial activities in contrast to Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus & B. subtilis). Correspondingly, the CZS5 exhibits good inhibitory effect against the filamentous pathogenic fungus (A. niger).

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) or Hemorrhagic Fever (HF) is a disease caused by the Dengue virus, transmitted through the bites of Aedes aegypti L and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Both types of mosquitoes are found in almost all corners of Indonesia. One way to avoid these mosquitoes is to use natural repellents with a repelling or killing effect. The purpose of this study was to analyze the repellent efficacy of Bischofia javanica leaf extract lotion against A. aegypti L mosquitoes. The method used was an experiment based on the procedure recommended by the World Health Organization Pesticides Evaluation Scheme. Leaf samples of B. javanica were extracted by maceration. The test for the extract lotion was carried out on the organoleptic parameters, homogeneity, pH, centrifugation, patch test, spreadability, adhesion, and effectiveness as a repellent. The results showed that the 50 percent concentration of B. javanica leaf extract lotion had 100 percent protection power (at the 1st to the 2nd hour). However, after 5 hours, the protection power decreased to 83.21 percent.