Background With more than 30,000 species, fish—including bony, jawless, and cartilaginous fish—are the largest vertebrate group, and include some of the earliest vertebrates. Despite their critical roles in many ecosystems and human society, fish genomics lags behind work on birds and mammals. This severely limits our understanding of evolution and hinders progress on the conservation and sustainable utilization of fish. Results Here, we announce the Fish10K project, a portion of the Earth BioGenome Project aiming to sequence 10,000 representative fish genomes in a systematic fashion within 10 years, and we officially welcome collaborators to join this effort. As a step towards this goal, we herein describe a feasible workflow for the procurement and storage of biospecimens, as well as sequencing and assembly strategies. Conclusions To illustrate, we present the genomes of 10 fish species from a cohort of 93 species chosen for technology development.

With more than 30,000 species, fish are the largest and most ancient vertebrate group.Despite their critical roles in many ecosystems and human society, fish genomics lags behind work on birds and mammals. This severely limits our understanding of evolution and hinders progress on the conservation and sustainable utilization of fish.Here, we announce the Fish10K project, an international collaborative project or initiative? aiming to sequence 10,000 representative fish genomes under a systematic context within ten years, and officially welcome collaborators to join this effort. As a step towards this goal, we herein describe a feasible workflow for the procurement and storage of biospecimens, and sequencing and assembly strategies. To illustrate, we present the genomes of ten fish species from a cohort of 93 species chosen for technology development.

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Few fishes have evolved elevated body temperatures compared with ambient temperatures, and only in opah ( Lampris spp) is the entire body affected. To understand the molecular basis of endothermy, we analyzed the opah genome and identified 23 genes with convergent amino acid substitutions across fish, birds, and mammals, including slc8b1 , which encodes the mitochondrial Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger and is essential for heart function and metabolic heat production. Among endothermic fishes, 44 convergent genes with suggestive metabolic functions were identified, such as glrx3 , encoding a crucial protein for hemoglobin maturation. Numerous genes involved in the production and retention of metabolic heat were also found to be under positive selection. Analyses of opah's unique inner-heat-producing pectoral muscle layer (PMI), an evolutionary key innovation, revealed that many proteins were co-opted from dorsal swimming muscles for thermogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, the opah genome provides valuable resources and opportunities to uncover the genetic basis of thermal adaptations in fish.

The paper is mainly concerned with the problem of decentralized robust stability of large-scale interconnected systems with structured and unstructured uncertainties. A simple method is presented whereby some sufficient conditions are derived so that asymptotic stability of large-scale interconnected systems can be guaranteed in the presence of uncertain perturbations. The method is also extended to large-scale discrete-time systems and the corresponding robust stability conditions are established for uncertain large-scale discrete-time systems. Finally, two numerical examples are given to demonstrate that our robust stability conditions are less conservative than those reported in the control literature.