The aim of this paper was to prove the relation between serum lipid values (cholesterol, triglyceride, low density cholesterol, high density cholesterol and primary open -angle glaucoma. The study includes two patient groups: 50 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and 50 patients without this disease. However, all 100 patients were tested for serum lipid values. The research covered a period of six months (from May to December 2007.). Primary open-angle glaucoma was diagnosed with intraocular pressure values (between 20,1 and 25,6 mm Hg) measured with Schiotz tonometry. The visual field changes were confirmed with Goldmann perimetry. The gonioscopies were done for diagnosis confirmation. The serum lipid values were confirmed with enzymatic colorimetry in vitro method. U-test (Mann-Witney-Wilcox test) and t-test, as nonparametric tests, were used for statistical evaluations. The cholesterol mean value in the test group was 6,14 mol/dm (3) (3,20-8,10 mol/dm (3)) whereas in the control group it was 5,96 mol/dm(3) (2,70-8,80 mol/dm(3)). U-test was with negative ranks (z=-0,83 AS=0,678). The triglyceride mean value in the test group was 2,38 mol/dm (3) (0,84-11,73 mol/m (3)) and in the control group it was 2,04 mol/dm (3) (0,63-5,89 mol/dm(3)). U-test was with positive ranks (z=0,950 AS=0,342). High density cholesterol was average in the test group with 1,45 mol/dm (3) (0,71-3,40 mol/dm (3)) and in the control group 1,40 mol/m (3) (0,80-3,20 mol/dm (3)). Low density cholesterol in the test group was 3,98 mol/m (3) (1,82-6,49 mol/m (3)) and in the control group 4,08 mol/m (3) (2,69-5,69 mol/m (3)). These results had positive ranks according to U-test. Serum lipid values could be one of predictable factors in primary open-angle glaucoma diagnosis. Due to the patient age, cholesterol values, as common factors in primary open-angle glaucoma and atherosclerosis genesis, could be concern in the same aetiology based on dyslipidaemia as well.

Summary Background We undertook a Grand Challenges in Global Eye Health prioritisation exercise to identify the key issues that must be addressed to improve eye health in the context of an ageing population, to eliminate persistent inequities in health-care access, and to mitigate widespread resource limitations. Methods Drawing on methods used in previous Grand Challenges studies, we used a multi-step recruitment strategy to assemble a diverse panel of individuals from a range of disciplines relevant to global eye health from all regions globally to participate in a three-round, online, Delphi-like, prioritisation process to nominate and rank challenges in global eye health. Through this process, we developed both global and regional priority lists. Findings Between Sept 1 and Dec 12, 2019, 470 individuals complete round 1 of the process, of whom 336 completed all three rounds (round 2 between Feb 26 and March 18, 2020, and round 3 between April 2 and April 25, 2020) 156 (46%) of 336 were women, 180 (54%) were men. The proportion of participants who worked in each region ranged from 104 (31%) in sub-Saharan Africa to 21 (6%) in central Europe, eastern Europe, and in central Asia. Of 85 unique challenges identified after round 1, 16 challenges were prioritised at the global level; six focused on detection and treatment of conditions (cataract, refractive error, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, services for children and screening for early detection), two focused on addressing shortages in human resource capacity, five on other health service and policy factors (including strengthening policies, integration, health information systems, and budget allocation), and three on improving access to care and promoting equity. Interpretation This list of Grand Challenges serves as a starting point for immediate action by funders to guide investment in research and innovation in eye health. It challenges researchers, clinicians, and policy makers to build collaborations to address specific challenges. Funding The Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Trust, Moorfields Eye Charity, National Institute for Health Research Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust, Sightsavers, The Fred Hollows Foundation, The Seva Foundation, British Council for the Prevention of Blindness, and Christian Blind Mission. Translations For the French, Spanish, Chinese, Portuguese, Arabic and Persian translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Introduction:Glaucoma is the most common optic neuropathy which is characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells, the excavation of the optic nerve head, associated with defects in the visual field. It is not a disease, but the final result of united and yet completely unidentified cellular and subcellular processes and effects of many factors responsible for changes in retinal ganglion cells leading to their accelerated apoptosis.Methods:This is a prospective-retrospective, comparative, randomized clinical trial that included 150 patients, 97 were female and 53 male. The age of patients ranged from 18 to 80 years.Results:The highest degree of myopia in category of tilted optic discs had patients with large disc (4.05 + -0.65). Values of the degree of myopia have linearly declined in relation to the size of the oblique disc. The analysis of the results revealed that the subjects who had a higher degree of myopia associated with glaucoma had frequent parapapillar atrophy of alpha and beta zones. The highest percentage of subjects with parapapillar changes were in the group of patients who had other than glaucoma and myopia (62%), then in the group of patients with glaucoma only (56%).Conclusion:Previous studies on the relationship between myopia and open-angle glaucoma are based on the results of observational studies. However, according to recent findings, based on the available studies, the systematic approach to estimate the association between myopia and glaucoma does not exist. Disc Damage Likelihood Scale (DDLS) is a new system for assessing glaucomatous damage of the optic disc which strongly correlates with the degree of visual field loss.

Goal:This study aimed to investigate the differences in values of K1 and K2 readings, the central corneal thickness (PAH) before the collagen crosslinking procedure (CXL) and 3, 6, 12 months later.Methods:64 eyes were evaluated in retrospective cross sectional study. The corneal biomechanical parameters were taken with WaveLight Allegro Oculyzer produced by Alcon before the CXL, 3,6, 12 months after the procedure. The curvature of K1 reading and K2 reading were taken and the central corneal thickness were considered due to the time after CXL.Results:The value of K1 reading before the treatment was 48.8 diopters (D) (46.65-50.50) and was statistically significant lower comparing to the value of K1 3 months after the collagen CXL procedure 46.30 D (43.57-49.45) (p=0.0006), K1 reading one year post collagen CXL procedure was 47.20 D (44.35-50.07) (p=0.002). The value of K2 reading before the collagen CXL procedure was 52.65 D (47.55-54.72), 3 months after the procedure was 51.4 (45.05-54.0), 6 months later 48.55 D (47.20-50.62), 12 months later 51.30 D (47.22-54.77). There is statistically significant lower value of K2 reading 6 months after the treatment comparing to the values 3 months postoperatively (p=0.014). However there is significantly lower values of K2 reading 12 months postoperatively comparing to preoperative period (p=0.006). The value of central corneal thickness preoperative was 431.0 microns (398.0-446.25), 3 months after collagen CXL procedure was 373.50 microns (363.25-430.75), 6 months later 435.0 microns (360.0-464.75), 12 months after the CXL procedure was 429.50 microns (357.75-496.25). There is statistically significant lower values of central corneal thickness 3 months after collagen CXL treatment comparing to the central corneal thickness preoperative (p<0.005). There is statistically significant lower values of pachymetry 12 months after the CXL procedure comparing to the values 6 months later (p=0.036) and those preoperativelly (p=0.032). There is no statistically significant difference in the values of central corneal thickness in the period from 3 and 6 months postoperatively.Conclusion:After riboflavin-UVA CXL in eyes with keratokonus there was significant decrease in central corneal thickness 3 and 6 months after the procedure and the thickness is almost the same 12 months. However, K2 (Kmax) reading is significantly changed 3 and 6 months later and is followed by changing of K1 reading.

Based on the results achieved in the intravitreal application of bevacizumab in treatment of senile degeneration of macula lutea, we can conclude that there is a possibility of infection after intravitreal application of bevacizumab, but it is minimal when working in a sterile environment. Increased intraocular pressure is possible, but not necessarily to happened after the intravitreal application of the drug.