RESUMO -O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar os teores de fenóis e flavonoides totais, bem como avaliar as atividades antioxidante e antimicrobiana de extratos obtidos dos talos e folhas de atemoia (A. cherimola Mill. x A. squamosa L.), que pertence à família Annonaceae. A atividade antioxidante foi avaliada pelos métodos de sequestro dos radicais 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH) e 2,2´-azinobis-3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-ácido sulfônico (ABTS), bem como pelo método da cooxidação do β-caroteno/ácido linoleico. A avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos foi analisada contra 10 cepas de bactérias. Os resultados da atividade antioxidante dos extratos mostraram que o extrato etanólico dos talos (EEt) foi o antioxidante mais efetivo (IC 50 = 10,44 ± 1,25 µg/mL) no método do sequestro do DPPH, bem como no sequestro do radical ABTS (24,81 ± 0,49%). O extrato hexânico das folhas apresentou o melhor percentual de atividade antioxidante no ensaio do β-caroteno/ácido linoleico (41,12 ± 4,35%). Os extratos etanólico dos talos e metanólico das folhas mostraram-se ativos contra cepas de Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus e Staphylococcus epidermidis. Termos para indexação: plantas medicinais, atemoia, atividade antibacteriana, radicais livres. ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS FROM ATEMOIA (Annona cherimola Mill. x A. squamosa L.)ABSTRACT -The aim of this study was to quantify the levels of total phenols and flavonoids as well as to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extracts obtained from stems and leaves of atemoia (A. cherimola Mill. x A. squamosa L.), which belongs to the Annonaceae family. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) scavengers methods, as well as the method of co-oxidation of β-carotene/linoleic acid. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was assessed against 10 strains of bacteria. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract from the stems (EEt) was the most effective antioxidant (IC 50 = 10.44 ± 1.25 mg/ml) by the DPPH method, as well as in the ABTS radical scavenger (24.81 ± 0.49%). The hexane extract of the leaves showed the best percentage of antioxidant activity by β-carotene/linoleic acid test (41.12 ± 4.35%). The ethanolic and metabolic extracts were active against strains of Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

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Background:Popularly known as “jatobá,” Hymenaea martiana Hayne is a medicinal plant widely used in the Brazilian Northeast for the treatment of various diseases.Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different extractive methods in the production of phenolic compounds from different parts of H. martiana.Materials and Methods:The leaves, bark, fruits, and seeds were dried, pulverized, and submitted to maceration, ultrasound, and percolation extractive methods, which were evaluated for yield, visual aspects, qualitative phytochemical screening, phenolic compound content, and total flavonoids.Results:The highest results of yield were obtained from the maceration of the leaves, which may be related to the contact time between the plant drug and solvent. The visual aspects of the extracts presented some differences between the extractive methods. The phytochemical screening showed consistent data with other studies of the genus. Both the vegetal part as the different extractive methods influenced significantly the levels of phenolic compounds, and the highest content was found in the maceration of the barks, even more than the content found previously. No differences between the levels of total flavonoids were significant. The highest concentration of total flavonoids was found in the ultrasound of the barks, followed by maceration on this drug. According to the results, the barks of H. martiana presented the highest total flavonoid contents.Conclusion:The results demonstrate that both the vegetable and the different extractive methods influenced significantly various parameters obtained in the various extracts, demonstrating the importance of systematic comparative studies for the development of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.SUMMARY The phytochemical screening showed consistent data with other studies of the genus HymenaeaBoth the vegetable part and the different extractive methods influenced significantly various parameters obtained in the various extracts, including the levels of phenolic compoundsThe barks of H. martiana presented the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents.