Various types of vegetation were tested on the dumps of the Kursk magnetic anomaly (KMA), composed of various rocks and their mixtures, with the improvement of forest growing conditions by land use and without this technique, including five types of shrubby species: sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), siberian peashrub (Caragana arborescens Lam.), golden currant (Ribes aureum Pursh.), tatarian honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica L.) and red elderberry (Sambucus racemosa L.). Growth indicators, safety and productivity of breeds were studied. Golden currant was one of the first to be tested, which turned out to be an unsuitable breed for creating protective plantings on dumps without measures to improve their forest growing conditions. On chalk-marl mixtures and quaternary loams, it completely fell out by the age of 12-15 years. Shrubs used in forest reclamation on two-component post-technogenic areas are characterized by different preservation. By the age of 43, the greatest preservation, equal to 50.5%, was noted in the sea buckthorn. It also has the highest growth rates. When choosing shrub species for forest reclamation, it is necessary to take into account their biological productivity, which increases the concentration of nutrients in the substrates and improves their physical properties. The sea buckthorn at the age of 9 has a large phytomass (2368 g), the heaviest leaf mass (396 g) and a total supply of phytomass (143.9 kg /ha) in the stand. The authors recommend using shrub species for laying preliminary crops at the initial stage of reclamation or introducing them into complex plantings in an amount of no more than 50%. Taking into account the soil-improving role of shrub species, it would be advisable to further introduce more durable tree species.

В Центральном федеральном округе РФ имеются большие площади техногенно нарушенных земель. Они подлежат восстановлению с помощью лесной рекультивации. Основными объектами проведения лесной рекультивации являются отвалы. Сосна обыкновенная (Pinus sylvеstris L.) считается основной породой при облесении песчаных и песчано-меловых отвалов. О целесообразности использования сосны для восстановления нарушенных земель можно судить по массе надземных и подземных органов. Запасы общей фитомассы в насаждении сосны составляют 53,9 ц/га, в то время как в насаждении робинии лжеакации — 182,2 ц/га. Кроме того фитомасса сосны отличается крайне бедным химическим составом. Это свидетельствует о том, что чистые культуры сосны обыкновенной не обладают значительным мелиоративным эффектом. В процессе лесной рекультивации целесообразно создавать смешанные культуры с включением лиственных пород, в том числе робинии лжеакации

The study sites is located in an iron-mining district of European part of Russia, called The Kursk Magnetic Anomaly. Birch tree (Betula pendula Roth) plantation was created in 1972 in two different types of heap dumps (hydraulic-mine dumps and mining dumps). Afforested dumps are mainly consisted of cenomanian and aptian sands with the admixture of mesozoic carbonate rocks. In particular hydraulic-mine dumps are formed with sand material and mining dumps are formed with sandy-lime material. For improving poor properties of sand substrate before the planting birch trees on hydraulic-mine dumps were used the technique of soil transfer. The re-spreading fertile layer of soil varies from 30 to 80 cm. Substrate quality varied considerably. Long-term growth and survival of birch tree were analyzed and volume per ha were calculated in different slope parts. Study results show that double-layer substrate with fertile layer (30-40 cm) on the top would not appear to be the best way to rehabilitate mine ecosystems and it has significant disadvantages. At the age of 38 years, common birch is characterized by sufficiently high growth parameters, but low survival.

Minerals are considered one of the components of the economy of any country. The negative side of technogenesis is the emergence of technogenic landscapes with developed exogenous processes. To prevent and eliminate them, biological reclamation is carried out, the most promising direction of which is forest reclamation. In forest reclamation, preference is given to soil-improving tree and shrub species. The research was carried out in the stands of the Caragana arborescens (Caragana arborescens Lam.) on the dumps of the Kursk magnetic anomaly in the Belgorod region of the Central Federal District of Russia. The work on the test areas was carried out according to generally accepted methods. On the sandy-chalk dump of loose overburden, the karagany cultures completely died by the age of 38. On a two-component technozem, with surface application of a fertile layer on a sand-chalk mixture, karagana showed positive results. The maximum safety (84.2-82.0%) is typical for the first four years of karagana's life. It does not depend much on environmental conditions. The growth of shoots in karagana begins only in the second decade of May. Shoots grow most actively in the third decade of May - 43.8%. The average biomass of one karagana bush at the age of 6 years is 503 g. At the same time, the average mass of one specimen of Robinia pseudoacacia is 2264 g. The total supply of phytomass in the 9-year-old karagana plantation is 69.5 c/ha, which is 2.6 times less than in the robinia pseudoacacia plantation. The reclamation role of caragana leaves is insignificant. The tree-like karagana is rich in mineral elements, which is reflected in their accumulation in substrates. The reserves of nitrogen – 4.06% and calcium – 1.46% are especially large in Karagan. The dump is located in the mining production zone, so the iron content in the assimilating organs of karagany exceeds 4 times the content on zonal soils, and titanium - 1.8 times. A significant part of the chemical elements falls on the green parts of plants. Caragana leaves are supplied with: nitrogen - 26.64 kg /ha, potassium - 1.78 kg/ ha, calcium - 17.52 kg/ ha and magnesium - 4.56 kg/ha. More than half of the chemical elements of root systems accumulate in small roots. When they die off, they enter directly into the substrate. The tree-like karagana can be recommended for forest reclamation of technogenically disturbed lands when mixed with more valuable tree and shrub species

The article presents data on the assessment of the different tree and shrubs species for a reclamation of the hydraulic dump of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly, Russia. The purpose of the work is to identify highly productive tree and shrub species with the maximum content of nitrogen and ash elements in the biomass. The objects of research are protective plantations of Robinia pseudoacacia L., Caragana arborescens L., Betula pendula L., Hippophae rhamnoides L., Pínus sylvestris L., Populus balsamifera L. Under the influence of different type of vegetation, the fertility of the dump substrates increases and the initial substrates gradually turns into soil. The rate of formation of primary soils depends on the biomass of plantations and the content of chemical elements in it. The article analyzes data on the content of the main chemical elements in different parts of plants aged 8-9 years. Trees and shrubs are arranged in sequential rows in terms of nitrogen accumulation, ash elements and overall biological productivity. The authors identified sea-buckthorn and robinia pseudoacacia, which, already at a young age, are characterized by high productivity (146.2 and 118.0 dt/ha) and have a positive effect on the fertility of the dump substrates.