The article presents the questions of constructing a system of criminal penalties under the legislation of the Russian Federation, the problems of imposing various types of punishments taking into account the rules for constructing criminal law sanctions. Changes and additions, various types of criminal penalties, including the content of sanctions in the articles, lead to an imbalance in the principles of their construction. The punishment system is currently in need of reform. An analysis of the sanctions of the articles of a special part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation revealed inconsistencies with the requirements of legislative equipment in their development, which creates serious difficulties in the appointment of sentences by the courts. Penalties under criminal law sanctions include punishment in the form of punishment, forced labor, imprisonment for a specified period. The legislation does not take into account the nature and degree of threat to crimes committed in the formation of sanctions articles. Criminal law and criminal law protection, and criminal procedural requirements, and punishments. In accordance with the peculiarities of the formation of the punishment system, the creation of criminal sanctions, as well as taking into account the goals of punishment in the domestic criminal law, which allows us to develop recommendations on the preparation of sanctions for articles of the criminal code of the Russian Federation.

The article presents a rethinking of the results of research in the field of smart city management based on publications in Spain and the Netherlands. Three areas of research have been identified. The first one offers scientific studies of smart city management and recommendations for improving the effectiveness of smart management based on a clear understanding of the degree of legitimacy of decision-making. The author considers these processes in comparison with the Russian scientists approaches, and focuses on the important conclusion of foreign scientists that technology alone will not make the city smarter: the construction of a smart city requires a political understanding of technology, a process approach to management, an emerging smart city, and a focus on both economic benefits and other public values. The second group of articles, considered by the author, presents a more comprehensive view of the concepts of smart cities, with smart governance, combining, presumably, innovative structures and new technologies, new communication channels aimed at the constant functioning of the city management system and the environment for cooperation and citizen engagement. The third group of publications deals with critical aspects of the development of smart governance in practice and the resulting consequences, in particular, the reassessment of the ability of the private sector to develop and implement intelligent technologies, the predominance of a technocratic approach to decision-making, the inability to ensure impartiality and objectivity, the lack of the ability to analyse urban data, cloud computing on digital platforms to stimulate production in a collaborative environment. Their conclusion about the need for “smart management” to pay attention to the processes of socio-spatial development is quite correlated with the conclusions of Russian scientists.

This article is devoted to the requirements that digital society proposes to educational organizations and employers. Educational organizations should improve the specialists’ and employers’ training quality as well as their participation in the evaluation of educational programs. Ensuring the quality of education is a task of all actors in the education system such as educational organizations, students, their parents, and employers. The authors carried out a study to determine employers’ opinion on the question referring to training quality in Moscow higher schools. For this purpose, leading Moscow universities were selected that have the right to form and approve their own educational standards. The study has fixed the positive nature of the most publications in mass-media in relation to the largest Moscow universities. There is positive coverage of university graduates’ employment and adaptation problems. The information reasons were universities activities that contribute to the improvement of the graduates’ competence level. The study has revealed that the problems of evaluation and quality assurance of education are relevant not only for educational organizations, but also for employers. The research has determined that the requirements of the digital society development are such that educational organizations as producers and suppliers of labour should be more result-oriented, and employers should be directly involved in the formation and evaluation of the quality of educational programs. Keywords: digital society, educational organizations, quality of education, employers, social and traditional media. Media messages, specialists, labour market, quality of education, Moscow universities

No abstract