Borrowing hydrogen from alcohol, storing it on the catalyst and subsequent transfer of the hydrogen from catalyst to an in situ generated imine is the hallmark of a transition metal...
We demonstrate that an in situ generated di-reduced phenalenyl
(PLY) species accumulates sufficiently high energy and acts as a super
electron donor to generate aryl radicals from aryl halides to accomplish
Buchwald–Hartwig-type C–N cross-coupling reactions at
room temperature. This catalytic protocol does not require any external
stimuli such as heat, light, or cathodic current. This protocol shows
a wide variety of substrate scope covering different genres of aryl
and heteroaryl halides with various aromatic as well as aliphatic
amines and late-stage functionalization of the well-known natural
products. The control experiments, along with extensive density functional
theory (DFT) calculations, unveil that the aryl radical is generated
by a single electron transfer from the di-reduced PLY to the aryl
halide substrate. The aryl radical acts as an electrophile and binds
with amine, leading to the chemically driven radical-mediated C–N
cross-coupling under transition-metal-free conditions.
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