Circulating HSP 60 levels may play a role in the systemic inflammatory state produced by periodontal disease. Salivary HSP 60 may not be used as a surrogate to determine systemic inflammation.

Aim:The aim of this case-control study is to estimate the circulatory levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in saliva and serum of patients with chronic periodontitis and periodontally healthy subjects. Materials and methods: Forty-four patients were screened, and based on biofilm-gingival interface (BGI) index, they were grouped into group I healthy periodontium ] and group II periodontitis [BGI-P3 (24)]. Venous blood and salivary samples were collected and analyzed using solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Independent sample t test was performed to determine the association. Results: Overall, there were differences in both the saliva and the serum TNF-α levels in healthy and periodontitis subjects. The average serum TNF-α concentration in group I healthy subjects was 23.12 pg/mL and in group II periodontitis was 24.06 pg/mL. In the saliva, the mean TNF-α level in group I healthy subjects was 45.69 pg/mL and in group II diseased subjects was 46.58 pg/mL. However, the values were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Circulatory and salivary TNF-α levels were found in detectable quantities. They showed a marginal increase in chronic periodontitis patients when compared with normal healthy patients in the absence of systemic diseases. Further studies are required in a large scale and with different methodologies to substantiate the role of TNF-α in the progression of periodontal diseases. Clinical significance: Clinical significance of this study is to analyze the TNF-α levels in saliva and serum, which may be the aggravating factor in causing periodontal disease, thereby helping to treat periodontitis.

Background:Based on their respective pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles, the Th1/Th2 paradigm explains pathogenic mechanisms involved in periodontal disease. Establishment of Th1 and Th2 subsets from a naive T-cell precursor depends on transcriptional regulation. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of master transcription factor regulators T-bet and GATA-3, respectively, to indicate the predominance of Th1 and Th2 subsets in the presence and absence of periodontal disease.Materials and Methods:A gingival tissue biopsy sample was obtained from each of 10 severe periodontitis patients (>5 mm attachment loss) and 10 periodontally healthy patients (no attachment loss). Biopsies were immediately processed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and the difference in mRNA expression of T-bet and GATA-3 was assessed for each group.Results:The mRNA expression of T-bet was marginally increased about 1.31-fold in disease, while the GATA-3 levels showed a significant decrease of 4.39-fold in disease.Conclusion:The advanced periodontal lesions lack Th2 cells, which produce anti-inflammatory cytokines. The biopsies were therefore dominated by Th1 cells, which activate macrophages and osteoclasts.

Endodontic-periodontal lesion is a clinical manifestation of the pathologic intercommunication between pulpal and periodontal tissues. In general, these lesions are multifaceted in nature and can have a varied pathogenesis. Fundamental to our understanding of the pulpoperiodontal lesions is the key role of the pathogenic ecosystem that exists within this complex structure. Evidence suggests that there exists a wide range of microbial species in the periapical and periodontal tissues and that their concurrent pathogenesis is constantly linked to the bacterial interrelations between the two tissue types. Understanding the microbial involvement is of utmost significance as it offers a rationale for differential diagnosis and subsequent management of such lesions. This review has attempted to provide a basic insight on the microbiome or the microbial flora entailed in the bidirectional pathogenesis of endodontic-periodontal lesions. How to cite this article Rajasekaran M, Nainar DA, Alamelu S, KV Arun. Microbiological Profile in Endodontic-periodontal Lesion. J Oper Dent Endod 2016;1(1):25-29.

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