Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by a partial or complete shortage of insulin, which leads to elevated blood sugar levels and long-term vascular and neurological complications. One of the side effects of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is sensory hearing loss. Sensorineural hearing loss has a signicant inuence on patients' quality of life because it is directly linked to physical, psychological, and cognitive dysfunction. Methods: ENT department at Sri Siddhartha Medical College in Tumkur did a prospective study over the course of 22 months that included 75 type 2 diabetic patients of both sexes between the ages of 30 and 65. All subjects have undergone FBS, PPBS, and HbA1c tests, followed by PTAto assess hearing loss. Age, gender, laterality, degree of hearing loss, length of DM, and HbA1c levels were compared with the occurrence of SNHL. Results: Of the 75 DM patients in our study, 64 (85.3%) had SNHL, while 11 individuals were normal. The majority of the patients, or 39 (52%), are between the ages of 51 and 65. The majority of patients (64%) are men aged 48. Males outnumbered females by a factor of 1.7:1. 4 patients (7%) have hearing loss in both ears, 34 (53%) only have hearing loss in the left ear, and 26 (40%) only have hearing loss in the right ear. The majority of patients, or 32 patients (51%) are in the group with mild hearing loss, followed by 19 patients (30%) with moderate hearing loss, 7 patients (10%) with moderately severe hearing loss, 4 patients (6%) with severe hearing loss, and 2 patients (3%) with profound hearing loss. patients who have diabetes.

Background: Middle ear diseases are the most common conditions in otology, proper evaluation of these patients are mandatory. Microscopic examination of ear is the routine procedure in evaluating the ndings with certain limitations. Introduction of endoscopy had led to the attempts of utilizing it in otolaryngology for the evaluation of middle ear spaces. This is Materials And Methods: a Hospital based comparative study, patients attending outpatient department of ENT, Sri Siddhartha Medical College, of both genders between 18 to 60 years of age, diagnosed to have disease of middle ear have been enrolled for the study after obtaining the written informed consent. Study parameters of both the groups were compared. Among 124 participants, our study showed that 29 participants (23.38 %) Eustachian Results: tube opening is visible through the microscope, while it is visible in 111 participants (89.51%) under otoendoscopy. In 33 participants (26.61%) epitympanum is visible under microscopy, compared to otoendoscope were 95participants (76.61%) are visible. Hypotympanum is visible in 58 participants (46.77%) with microscope and 112(90.3%) participants with otoendoscope. Visualization of sinus tympani in 9 participants (7.2%) is possible through microscope whereas it is visible in 91 participants (73.3%) through otoendoscope. Facial recess is visible in 8 participants (6.4%) through microscopy and in 89(71.7%) participants through otoendoscope. Oval window is visible in 12 participants (9.6%) through microscope whereas it is visible in 89 (71.7%) participants through Otoendoscopy. The p-value of all the above parameters is less than 0.001; indicating study is statistically signicant thus otoendoscope has a better visualisation of these structures. No statistically signicant difference between the examination of the external auditory canal and round window using a microscope and otoendoscope has been obtained. Oto- Conclusion: microscopy despite having the better three dimensional images, otoendoscope gives a better visualization of middle ear structure in evaluating diseases of middle ear. Therefore we conclude that Otoendoscopic examination should be mandatory along with routine Otomicroscopic examination.

Background: Chronic otitis media (COM) is most common disease seen by ENT surgeon. Tympanoplasty using temporalis fascia as graft is routine treatment procedure while Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP)is newer treatment procedure. Methods: Prospective Study conducted on participants admitted with Chronic otitis media in the Otorhinolaryngology department of Sri Siddhartha Medical College hospital and Research Centre, Tumkur from December 2020 to June 2022 which includes 60 participants and were divided into two groups PRP group (30 participants) where PRP used as graft material and T group (30 participants) where temporalis fascia was used as graft material and follow up done at 3rd month and 6th month for assessing closure of perforation and for hearing improvement using pure tone audiometry. Results: Among 30 cases of PRP group, there were 29 cases of closure of perforation (96.67 %) and 1 case had no closure of perforation (3.33 %). Among 30 cases of T group, there were 28 cases of closure of perforation (93.33%) and 2 cases had no closure of perforation (6.67%). The p-value calculated between the groups with pre operative mean air bone gap values was 0.2210 and that with post operative values was 0.1835; indicating no signicant difference between the groups during follow up at 6 months.Background: Chronic otitis media (COM) is most common disease seen by ENT surgeon. Tympanoplasty using temporalis fascia as graft is routine treatment procedure while Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP)is newer treatment procedure. Methods: Prospective Study conducted on participants admitted with Chronic otitis media in the Otorhinolaryngology department of Sri Siddhartha Medical College hospital and Research Centre, Tumkur from December 2020 to June 2022 which includes 60 participants and were divided into two groups PRP group (30 participants) where PRP used as graft material and T group (30 participants) where temporalis fascia was used as graft material and follow up done at 3rd month and 6th month for assessing closure of perforation and for hearing improvement using pure tone audiometry. Results: Among 30 cases of PRP group, there were 29 cases of closure of perforation (96.67 %) and 1 case had no closure of perforation (3.33 %). Among 30 cases of T group, there were 28 cases of closure of perforation (93.33%) and 2 cases had no closure of perforation (6.67%). The p-value calculated between the groups with pre operative mean air bone gap values was 0.2210 and that with post operative values was 0.1835; indicating no signicant difference between the groups during follow up at 6 months.

BACKGROUND Chronic otitis media (COM) of squamosal type is associated with cholestatoma with potential complications. Clinical examination and high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans are necessary to assess the disease site and extension. The purpose of the study was to compare the preoperative HRCT findings with the intraoperative surgical findings in squamosal type of chronic otitis media as well as various parameters in HRCT temporal bone and intraoperative findings. METHODS A prospective study was conducted on 30 patients aged between 18 and 60 years of both the genders who presented with chronic otitis media squamosal type, for a period of 22 months who attended the outpatient department of ENT. RESULTS HRCT findings and intraoperative findings were compared and results were analysed. Facial canal erosion (P - 0.0031), tegmen plate erosion (P - 0.0001), sigmoid sinus plate erosion (P - 0.002) were found to be statistically significant. Lateral semicircular canal fistula (P - 0.36) and ossicular status malleus (P - 1.000), incus (P - 0.949), stapes suprastructure (P - 0.984), and stapes footplate erosion (P - 0.977) were found to be statistically insignificant. CONCLUSIONS In our study, HRCT imaging for COM squamosal type, accurately depicted the soft tissue mass, erosion of tegmen plate, sigmoid sinus plate, scutum, lateral semicircular canal fistula, incus and suprastructure of stapes erosion and the same were found intraoperatively as well. Our study showed good comparison between the preoperative HRCT scans and the surgical findings in cholesteatoma cases. HRCT is confirmed to be valuable in the diagnosis and in guiding the surgical management of cholesteatoma. KEY WORDS Chronic Otitis Media, Cholesteatoma, HRCT Temporal Bone, Modified Radical Mastoidectomy

INTRODUCTION: To compare preoperative Computed Tomography scan ndings of Para nasal sinuses using Lund-Mackay scoring and intra operative Functional endoscopic sinus surgery ndings in patients with Chronic Rhino-sinusitis using the POSE scoring and to correlate maximum scores obtained in Perioperative sinus endoscopy (POSE) scoring system and Lund-Mackay scoring system. MATERIALS AND METHODS:AProspective study was done for 1 year on 48 patients attending outpatient department of ENT, Sri Siddhartha Medical College aged between 18-60 years, who were clinically diagnosed to have Chronic Rhino-sinusitis, underwent pre-operative CT scan of nose and paranasal sinuses and thereafter FESS were enrolled for the study after obtaining the due consent. RESULTS: From our study group of 48 patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for CRS, the minimum value of Lund-MacKay Scoring was 3 whereas the maximum was 18 (maximum obtainable is 24) with a mean value of 12.02 and standard deviation of 3.987. The minimum POSE Score obtained was 7 and the maximum POSE Score obtained was 37 (maximum obtainable being 40), with a mean value of 16.31 and standard deviation of 5.095. CONCLUSION: Pre operative CT scan combined with per operative endoscopy ndings has made the approach to Chronic rhinosinusitis more specic, rational and accurate. The results of our study highlights that CT scan is an important investigation tool to detect Chronic rhinosinusitis . CT scan has very much emerged as the gold standard in preoperative diagnosis and allows for accurate patient selection for FESS. In our study, POSE Scoring has shown a good correlation with Lund MacKay scoring system