Background and objectives Nephrotoxicity remains the dose-limiting side effect of cisplatin, an effective chemotherapeutic agent with applications across diverse tumor types. This study presents data on renal outcomes across multiple tumor types in 821 adults. We report on incidence of AKI, initial and long-term changes in eGFR after cisplatin, and relationships between cumulative dose, initial eGFR, age, sex, and long-term renal function.Design, setting, participants, & measurements This was a retrospective study of adult patients treated with cisplatin from January 1, 2000 to September 21, 2011 who had survived $5 years after initial dose. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation was used to calculate eGFR. AKI was defined as an increase from the baseline creatinine of .25% within 30 days after the first cycle of cisplatin. Chi-squared tests were done to evaluate the relationships between categorical or ordinal variables; ANOVAs or t tests were used to evaluate continuous or categorical variables. Changes in eGFR over time were evaluated in a growth curve model.Results Mean follow-up was 6 years (25th and 75th percentiles, 4 and 9 years). AKI occurred in 31.5% of patients, with a median initial decline in eGFR of 10 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 (25th and 75th percentiles, 241.5 and 223.3 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 ). At any time point after the first cycle of cisplatin, ,3% of patients progressed to eGFR,29 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 , and none were known to be on dialysis. Age was associated with a higher risk for AKI after cisplatin. Compared with age ,25 years old, the odds ratios for AKI versus no AKI are 1.22 for .26-44 years old (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.60 to 2.4), 1.54 for .45-65 years old (95% CI, 0.78 to 3), and 2.96 for .66 years old (95% CI, 1.4 to 6.1). The lowest dose categories of cisplatin (#100 and 101-250 mg/m 2 ) are associated with increases in eGFR (P=0.06 and P=0.02, respectively) compared with the highest dose category (.701 mg/m 2 ).Conclusions This is the largest study of adult patients with cancer who received cisplatin for treatment across multiple tumor types. Most patients experience small but permanent declines in eGFR, but none progressed to ESRD requiring hemodialysis.

These mortality rates associated with moderate and severe injuries may be attributed to complications, chronic disease prevalence, conservative management techniques or the consequences of biological ageing.

Study design: Systematic review. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions used to prevent and treat heterotopic ossification (HO) after spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting: St Joseph's Parkwood Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada. Methods: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases were searched for articles addressing the treatment of HO after SCI. Studies were selected by two reviewers and were only included for analysis if at least 50% of the subjects had an SCI, there were at least three SCI subjects and if the study subjects participated in a treatment or intervention. Study quality was assessed by two independent reviewers using the Downs and Black evaluation tool for all studies, as well as the PEDro assessment scale for randomized control trials only. Levels of evidence were assigned using a modified Sackett scale. Results: A total of 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. The selected articles were divided into prevention or treatment of post-SCI HO. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), warfarin, and pulse low-intensity electrogmagnetic field (PLIMF) therapy were reviewed as prophylactic measures. Bisphosphonates, radiotherapy and excision were reviewed as treatments of post-SCI HO. Conclusions: Pharmacological treatments of HO after SCI had the highest level of research evidence supporting their use. Of these, NSAIDs showed greatest efficacy in the prevention of HO when administered early after an SCI, whereas bisphosphonates were the intervention with strongest supportive evidence once HO had developed. Of the non-pharmacological interventions, PLIMF was supported by the highest level of evidence; however, more research is needed to fully understand its role.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (ICBT) on anxiety and depression among persons with chronic health conditions. A systematic database search was conducted of MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, EMBASE, and Cochrane for relevant studies published from 1990 to September 2018. A study was included if the following criteria were met: (1) randomized controlled trial involving an ICBT intervention; (2) participants experienced a chronic health condition; (3) participants C 18 years of age; and (4) effects of ICBT on anxiety and/or depression were reported. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias on the included studies. Pooled analysis was conducted on the primary and condition specific secondary outcomes. Twenty-five studies met inclusion criteria and investigated the following chronic health conditions: tinnitus (n = 6), fibromyalgia (n = 3), pain (n = 7), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 3), cardiovascular disease (n = 2), diabetes (n = 1), cancer (n = 1), heterogeneous chronic disease population (n = 1), and spinal cord injury (n = 1). Pooled analysis demonstrated small effects of ICBT in improving anxiety and depression. Moderate effects of therapist-guided approach were seen for depression and anxiety outcomes; while, self-guided approaches resulted in small effects for depression and moderate effects in anxiety outcomes. ICBT shows promise as an alternative to traditional faceto-face interventions among persons with chronic health conditions. Future research on long-term effects of ICBT for individuals with chronic health conditions is needed.Trial Registration PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018087292.