The study extensively reviews various models that have been used for studying citizen adoption of e-government. The study also presents a comprehensive review of factors that influence e-government adoption in the contexts of different developed and developing countries. Based on the literature review, the paper proposes a tailor-made conceptual model for examining citizen adoption of e-government in India. The proposed model integrates the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model with trust and citizen satisfaction, to form a model of factors that could influence citizen adoption of e-government services in India. To test the proposed model, the study has selected e-government services offered by New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC). The findings suggest that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, provided facilitating conditions, available facilitating conditions, trust in government, trust in technology and citizen satisfaction are the main factors related to e-government adoption. ). She has several research publications in various reputed journals, to her credit. She has also presented research papers in over 15 national and international conferences. Her research interests include queuing theory, reliability, and performance modelling, information and communication technology, and computer communication networks. Presently, she is working on a research project related to the citizens' perceptions of e-government services of Delhi (India) Government.
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the dimensions of perceived risk, which influence consumers’ purchase intention toward the retailers’ private labels. Based upon the previous literature, majorly four dimensions of the perceived risk have been considered for the study. These include – perceived functional risk, perceived financial risk, perceived physical risk and perceived psychological risk. Design/methodology/approach – Data have been collected by proceeding with mall intercept method and approached shoppers with the questionnaire at the outlets of large Indian retailers – Reliance retail, Aditya Birla’s More, Big Bazaar and Spencer’s. A total of 352 valid questionnaires were obtained, wherein responses were recorded on Likert-type scale anchoring five-points where 1 indicates strongly disagree and 5 indicates strongly agree. Then, the analysis was carried out by using Exploratory Factor Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis. Findings – Findings of this study revealed that perceived functional risk, perceived financial risk, perceived physical risk and perceived psychological risk have the direct negative and significant effects on consumers’ intention to purchase retailers’ private labels. Thus, all the hypotheses were accepted and all the findings of this study were in line with previous studies. Research limitations/implications – A limited set of product categories and brands were analyzed. Practical implications – This study is of great interest for large retailers who wish to increase their private labels’ value proposition, with an in-depth understanding of these risks it could alter their value proposition accordingly and create more successful private labels in the market place. Originality/value – This study is one among the very few studies which addressed the research on purchase intention toward private labels in Indian context.
A new non-planar tridentate ligand 2-[3-(2Ј-pyridyl)pyrazol-1-ylmethyl]pyridine (L 6 ) and its mononuclear bis-ligand complexes [M(L 6 ) 2 ][ClO 4 ] 2 [M = Fe (1), Co (2) and Ni (3)] have been synthesized. In the dications of six-co-ordinate complexes of 2 and 3, each L 6 is arranged in a meridional mode. Structural analyses reveal that the M-N pyrazole bond length is appreciably shorter than the M-N pyridine bond lengths. Due to the weak field nature of L 6 (absorption spectral analyses) towards Fe(), Co() and Ni() the complexes are uniformly high-spin at room-temperature. Temperaturedependent magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal that while Co() and Ni() complexes remain high-spin over the entire range investigated (6-300 K for 2 and 63-300 K for 3), the Fe() complex exhibits a temperature-induced (5.2-300 K) spin transition in going from the S = 2 state at 300 K to predominantly an S = 0 state below 80 K. From the linear ln K eq [ 1 A 1 (ls) ↔ 5 T 2 (hs)] vs. 1/T relationship (190-250 K) the derived thermodyanamic parameters are: ∆H = 9.7 ± 0.04 kJ mol Ϫ1 and ∆S = 56 ± 0.18 J K Ϫ1 mol Ϫ1 . While complex 1 displays in MeCN an irreversible M III /M II redox process [anodic peak potential, E pa = 1.06 V vs. SCE], for complex 2 such a redox process is reversible [E 1/2 = 0.74 V vs. SCE and ∆E p = 80 mV].D a l t o n T r a n s . ,
Purpose Government employees have various challenges of adopting e-government which include administrative problems, technological challenges, infrastructural problems, lack of trust on computer applications, security concerns and the digital divide. The purpose of this paper is to identify the most salient factors that influence the employee adoption of e-government in India as perceived by government employees involved in e-government service delivery. Design/methodology/approach The paper first identifies different factors influencing the employee adoption of e-government on the basis of literature review and then finds their relative importance by prioritizing them using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The AHP is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) tool which combines all the factors into a hierarchical model and quantitatively measures their importance through pair-wise comparisons (Saaty, 1980). Eleven influencing factors of employee adoption of e-government have been identified, which are categorized under four main factors, namely, “employee’s personal characteristics”, “technical factors”, “organizational factors” and “trust”. The data pertaining to pair-wise comparisons of various factors and sub-factors related to the study is collected from ten senior government employees working with different departments and bodies of the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. Findings Based on the results obtained, the findings reveal that “organizational factors” and “technical factors” are the two most important factors which influence the intention of government employees to adopt e-government. Moreover, “training”, “technical infrastructure”, “access speed”, “technical support” and “trust” in infrastructure are the top five sub-factors which are considered to be important for the employee adoption of e-government. Research limitations/implications One of the limitations regarding the methodology used in the study is that the rating scale used in the AHP is conceptual. There are chances of biasing while making pair-wise comparisons of different factors. Therefore, due care should be taken while deciding relative scores to different factors. Also, some factors and sub-factors selected, for the model may have interrelationships such as educational level and training; computer skills and trust; etc., and these interrelationships are not considered by the AHP, which is a limitation of the present study. In that case, the analytic network process (ANP) can be a better option. Therefore, this study can be further extended by considering some other factors responsible for e-government adoption by employees and applying the ANP in the revised model. Practical implications The results of the study may help government organizations, to evaluate critical factors of employee adoption of e-government. This may help them in achieving cost-effective implementation of e-government applications by efficiently managing their resources. Briefly, the findings of the study imply that government departments should provide sufficient training and support to their employees for enhancing their technical skills so that they can use the e-government applications comfortably. Moreover, the government departments should also ensure fast access speed of the e-government applications so that the employees can carry out their tasks efficiently. Originality/value Most of the existing literature on e-government is focused on citizens’ point of view, and very few studies have focused on employee adoption of e-government (Alshibly and Chiong, 2015). Moreover, these studies have majorly used generic technology adoption models which are generally applicable to situations where technology adoption is voluntary. As employee adoption of e-government is not voluntary, the present study proposes a hierarchy of influencing factors and sub-factors of employee adoption of e-government, which is more relevant to the situations where technology adoption is mandatory. Also, most of the previous studies have used statistical methods such as multiple regression analysis or structural equation modelling for examining the significant factors influencing the e-government adoption. The present study contributes to this area by formulating the problem as an MCDM problem and by using the AHP as the methodology to determine the weights of various factors influencing adoption of e-government by employees.
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