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A study on the vector prevalence of Scrub typhus was undertaken in the Scrub typhus affected areas in Lunglei district, Mizoram. Rodents were trapped using live traps and examined for ectoparasites and serological test for scrub typhus antibodies was also done. Results on the vectors of the Scrub typhus revealed the presence of the vector mite Leptotrombidium deliense on the rats in 3 localities of Haulawng village. Chigger index was found to be 12.33, which is above the critical index of 0.69 per rodent. Chigger infestation rate was 18.5. The chigger infestation was found mainly on Rattus rattus. Detection of Orientia (Scrub typhus) 1:20 and 1:80 has been calculated by Weil Felix OXK antigen. Observation of the vector of Scrub typhus warrants regular surveillance in these areas to prevent any impending outbreak.

Background: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a serious Zoonotic Vector Borne infection of the brain caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) of family Flaviviridae .Many outbreaks have been occurred in many parts of Southeast Asia including India. An outbreak of JE was occurred in three districts of Chhattisgarh during the year 2017. Objectives: The purpose of this study To review and assess the situation of dengue outbreak in Durg district and conduct and entomological survey in all the the JE affected areas. Methods: The Entomological study was carried out during December 2017three districts namely Dantewada, Bastar and Sukma in Gorakhpur of Chhattisgarh. A total of 12 JE cases repoted from these districts. Larval collection was done and per dip density was calculated and for adult collection PMHD was calculated. Results: During the outbreak investigation 9 different types of mosquito breeding were detected in all the affected areas. Highest breeding was detected in Fallow fields (36.59 %) followed by Drains (32.14 %), Percent river bed pool (28.57%), paddy fields (19.35 %), Mud pools (6.25 %), Hoof prints (3.5%). The various Culex species collected by hand catch method included, Cx. quinquefasciatus Cx. vishnui Cx. pseudovishnui Cx. Tritaeniorhynchus. Interpretation & Conclusion: The findings showed that scattered cases of JE and most of the cases under age of 0-15 years old, facilitated by different species of Culex in the affected areas. JE is a vaccine-preventable disease, so an immunization may be done and an appropriate vector control strategy and application of standard hygiene practices in these affected areas could be a result in reduction in morbidity and mortality due to JE virus.

Vector borne diseases are a major public health problem in India. Dengue is endemic in almost all states and union territories. Aedes mosquitoes are known to transmit Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika virus and Yellow fever diseases to man in both rural and urban areas. Dengue has been restricted to urban area, but it has now spread to rural and tribal areas. An entomological survey was undertaken at selected villages of three Blocks of Pakur district i.e. Pakur, Maheshpur and Amarpada of Jharkhand to know the potential for the transmission of Dengue/Chikungunya, Zika virus and Yellow fever and thereby undertaking surveys of breeding places of the vector species in these area by assessing the vector indices i.e. House Index (HI), Breteau Index (BI) and Container Index (CI) along with virus antigen detection. The entomological indices of G aneshpura, Datiapokhar and Longbahra villages of Maheshpur block recorded very high i.e. HI-28.5, 15.0 & 10.0; BI-34.2, 15.0 & 10.0 and CI-11.8, 8.8 & 4.8 respectively. The entomological indices of Pakur block, villages Jamsherpur, Malipada and Gopinathpur showed HI-7.3, 3.3 & 2.3; BI-7.3, 3.3 & 2.3 and CI-3.5, 1.5 & 1.3 respectively. The entomological indices of Amarpada block, villages-Jagjitpur, Ambajora and Pakudh showed HI-6.6, 0.0 & 0.0; BI-6.6, 0.0 & 0.0; and CI-2.5, 0.0 & 0.00 respectively. However, surveys revealed highest vector indices at Maheshpur block, followed by Pakur block and Amarpada block. Local health authorities of Maheshpur, Pakur and Amarpada blocks need to take cognizance of these facts with the presence of breeding potential areas and to develop micro action plan for appropriate vector control measures along with vector surveillance on regular basis.