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There have been an increasing number of studies conducted on community preparedness, particularly on changing individual health behaviors in ways that minimizes individual risk to cope with the stress of a natural disaster. A variety of behavioral change theories and models used by disaster academics scrutinize the manner in which individual behavior is sought and transformed into disaster preparedness. This reflects the lack of knowledge about how these models identify certain behaviors regarding natural disaster preparation. This article seeks to address this lack of knowledge. It presents a set of health behavioral change models that can be used by scholars to comprehend variation in the nature and extent of individual disaster preparedness. The purpose of this study is to provide a review of the existing models on the subject, and also to present a comparative analysis of the models that may contribute to ways of understanding the investigation on natural disaster preparedness behaviors.

Scholars have started to research the effect of satisfaction on users' willingness to continue using social media, such as Facebook, Instagram, Weibo. However, few studies have focused on the effects of these gratification on users' psychological responses, such as satisfaction and emotional attachment. To bridge this knowledge gap, this study, based on uses and gratification and Stimulus-Organism-Response theory, integrated a new model to study the influence of gratification on psychological response, and the influence of psychological response on Instagram continuance use intention. A sample of students (N = 209) from Universiti Putra Malaysia was selected for this study. PLS-SEM was mainly used for hypothesis testing during data analysis. The results indicate that entertaining value, social value, social participation, and utilitarian value positively affect users' satisfaction. Emotional attachment is significantly influenced by social participation, information consumption. Moreover, psychological response positively affects continued usage intention. In addition, this study can help social media practitioners better understand users' intention to continue using from the perspective of their gratifications and psychological response.