We investigate the sediment and Earth’s crustal structure beneath the East Kalimantan and East Java by modelling the stacked receiver function from six seismic broadband stations belong to the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency of Indonesia (BMKG). The calculation of receiver functions from 60 teleseismic earthquake events using iterative time-domain deconvolution method. Inversion result shows a significant variation in the sediment layer thickness from 1 km to 4 km beneath East Java. It is correlated with the South East Java basinal area (station KRK) and the North East Java Basin (station GRJI and BWJI). The sediment layer of about 5 to 10 km beneath East Kalimantan is associated with the Kutai Basin (station SGKI, SMKI, and BKB). Average Sediment layer shear velocity (Vs) beneath all station is observed to be less than 2.31 km/s. Crustal thickness beneath East Java varies between 20 to 40 km and 34 to 50 km beneath East Kalimantan, with average crustal shear wave velocity, Vs 4.60 km/s.

The Earth's crust layer and sediment in Western Indonesia has been studied using the inversion of teleseismic receiver function from BMKG’s seismic network. Earthquake events were analyzed in this study with a moment magnitude greater than 6.0 with epicentral distances of 30° to 90°. A total of 60 earthquake events were observed and recorded by 91 stations around the study area. Furthermore, an inversion process was carried out using the initial velocity model from the modification of the AK135f velocity model to obtain the shear wave velocity structure below each stations. The velocity model from the azimuthally stacked vertical receiver function showed that the sediment layer had a relatively medium shear wave velocity value with an average of 2.1 km/s, while the crust layer had 4.60 km/s. The sedimentary layer thickness in this region also varies between 2 km to 10 km. A relatively thick sediment layer of about 8 km to 10 km was observed in two locations, in East Kalimantan associated with the Kutai Basin and Northern part of Sumatera in the North Sumatera Basin, a two major oil producer basinal area in Indonesia. The Moho discontinuity was also found at depths that vary between 16 km to 50 km. In addition, the most shallow Moho depth is 16 km below the North Kalimantan and North part of West Java, while the deeper Moho depth of 50 km is located below East Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, North Sumatera and South Sumatera.

This paper shows the effort to implement the RDE and its challenges from 2013 to 2018. RDE was a program to introduce nuclear power plants by building non-commercial power reactors. The RDE program was also used to prove that Indonesian engineers can design a reactor that will later supply electricity and steam for industry. The technology used is a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor. This RDE program is a very strategic intermediate target for energy security and national sovereignty. The development of RDE-based nuclear power plants, in the long run, is expected to have implications for reducing reliance on fossil fuels, more self-sufficiency in energy supply increases national industrial capacity and competitiveness in the global economic order, as well as enhance energy and political diplomacy. Also, RDE can be a reference installation for PeLUIt (Power and Steam Generators for Industry) power plants for small and medium enterprises to meet the demand for electricity and industrial heat in an area’s needs. However, many challenges occurred to implement this program; among them were cost estimation and cost-benefit analysis. Although the program has not been realized, mainly for financial reasons, many positive things have been obtained from these activities.

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