This study aims to address the association between the practices of water, sanitation & hygiene, and diarrheal infection among Under-5 Children in Chattogram, Bangladesh. This cross-sectional survey study was conducted among 182 mothers of children under five years of age living in Chattogram City, Bangladesh. The probability proportional sampling (PPS) technique was applied to interview the study participants. The study found that 37.4% of participants had toilets with ideal sanitary facilities. Mothers' estimates of toilet cleanliness demonstrated a Pearson association with their child's diarrheal count in the previous 12 months (P = 0.007), whereas variations in toilet usage (P = 0.024), toilet cleaning frequency each week (P = 0.014) and availability of sewage channel with toilet (P = 0.012) evidence significant association with diarrheal infection frequency in the last 12 months. Washing hands after using the toilet (P = 0.002), washing fruits/vegetables before eating or cooking (P < 0.000), washing hands before and after food consumption (P < 0.012) & types of soap uses to wash hands (P = 0.017) were found significantly associated with diarrheal infection. 41.8% participants were found, who use no filtration method to purify their drinking water, however, the study found no significant association between water consumption practices with diarrheal infection frequency among respondents’ children under five years of age.

Background To combat anti-microbial resistance in Bangladesh, a national action plan is designed with the involvement of multiple sectors. Methods Sixteen participants were interviewed virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Semi-structured, pre-tested questionnaires were used for data collection using the Key-Informant Interview (KII) technique. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was carried out of relevant information. Results Bangladesh has no specific monitoring body for antibiotic prescription, and professionals do not follow national guidelines. Most healthcare settings don't have any protocol for Infection Prevention and Control (IPC), Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), and monitoring facilities. The main factor of Anti-Microbial Resistance (AMR) is the availability and accessibility of antibiotics and the dealers who supply antibiotics. Patients consume antibiotics without consulting any qualified doctor. The COVID-19 pandemic and the occurrence of AMR have escalated the use of antibiotics. Abuse of antibiotics in the animal industry is a worrying trend. The Bangladesh National Action Plan 2017 on AMR (BNAP), however, persuaded the top court to issue a ruling restricting the sale of antibiotics without a prescription and to establish an antibiotic surveillance system across the nation. The BNAP on AMR policy has been more effectively implemented thanks to multi-sectoral cooperation. Conclusion To monitor current facilities and spot trends in antibiotic resistance, a multi-sectoral regulatory organization specifically focused on AMR is desperately needed.

This study aimed to explore the extent of COVID-19 complications and its association with the pattern of COVID-19 management and prevention at hospital and home settings in urban Bangladesh. The study included 659 COVID-19 positive patients aged 18 and up who were treated at home or in hospitals and lived in Dhaka city from April to September 2021. Among the respondents, around 79% respondents suffering from mild infection believe that the risk of Covid-19 infection can be decreased by wearing mask, while 21% participants with severe infection had similar opinion and have significant association of wearing masks with infection level (p < .001). The predominant primary symptoms of COVID–19 infection was fever (80.9%), dry cough (60.4%), myalgia (56.6%), headache (50.5%), sneezing (38.2%), chest pain (25.9%), diarrhea (23.2%) and loss of smell/taste (21.5%). About 61.8% participants did not suffer from any co-morbidity. Others suffered mostly from diabetes (22.9%), cardiovascular disease (19.7%) and asthma/COPD (7.9%) as co-morbidities. 80.9% respondents having mild infection and 19.1% having severe infection always practiced all preventive measures as wearing masks, used alcohol-based hand rub and using PPE at workplace to avoid Covid-19 infection. The reported post-recovery symptoms are fatigue/muscle weakness (42.3%), headache (39.3%), loss of taste/smell (29.0%), depression (27.2%), cough (25.8%), breathing difficulty (21.1%), trouble in mobility (19.7%), chest pain (19.4%), loss of memory (18.1%), each of joint pain/arthralgia and fever (17.0%) and weight loss (16.4%). Recovery time was found to be significantly influenced by family income, the number of co-morbidities, and the location of therapy. Furthermore, age, the number of co-morbidities, and educational level were all strongly linked to the treatment location. Government needs to emphasize more on making sure the effective level of management at the hospitals and extensive level of awareness at the community level where concerted efforts is inevitable.

This study aimed to explore the extent of COVID-19 complications and its association with the pattern of COVID-19 management and prevention at hospital and home settings in urban Bangladesh. The study included 659 COVID-19 positive patients aged 18 and up who were treated at home or in hospitals and lived in Dhaka city from April to September 2021. Among the respondents, around 79% respondents suffering from mild infection believe that the risk of Covid-19 infection can be decreased by wearing mask, while 21% participants with severe infection had similar opinion and have significant association of wearing masks with infection level (p < .001). The predominant primary symptoms of COVID–19 infection was fever (80.9%), dry cough (60.4%), myalgia (56.6%), headache (50.5%), sneezing (38.2%), chest pain (25.9%), diarrhea (23.2%) and loss of smell/taste (21.5%). About 61.8% participants did not suffer from any co-morbidity. Others suffered mostly from diabetes (22.9%), cardiovascular disease (19.7%) and asthma/COPD (7.9%) as co-morbidities. 80.9% respondents having mild infection and 19.1% having severe infection always practiced all preventive measures as wearing masks, used alcohol-based hand rub and using PPE at workplace to avoid Covid-19 infection. The reported post-recovery symptoms are fatigue/muscle weakness (42.3%), headache (39.3%), loss of taste/smell (29.0%), depression (27.2%), cough (25.8%), breathing difficulty (21.1%), trouble in mobility (19.7%), chest pain (19.4%), loss of memory (18.1%), each of joint pain/arthralgia and fever (17.0%) and weight loss (16.4%). Recovery time was found to be significantly influenced by family income, the number of co-morbidities, and the location of therapy. Furthermore, age, the number of co-morbidities, and educational level were all strongly linked to the treatment location. Government needs to emphasize more on making sure the effective level of management at the hospitals and extensive level of awareness at the community level where concerted efforts is inevitable.

Background: In Bangladesh, parents are crucial in ensuring that teens use digital gadgets responsibly. The purpose of this study was to create a parenting paradigm within the context of the government's purges. Method: Nineteen key informants took part in this study as part of the qualitative inquiry. Results: Participants come from a variety of backgrounds and play a variety of roles that all support the same goal. The parenting model was created using the information from the interviews. By placing secondary and upper secondary educational institutions at the core of government action, parents will be educated. This approach was first proposed to be used in the "Generation Breakthrough" program of the Ministry of Education. Parents should be invited to the institutions to learn about the actions that need to be performed and followed under the two main categories, preventative and curative. Technology, the spoken word, psychology, and relationships built on evidence and trust are all examples of preventive approaches. Corrective measures include counseling, assistance with cyber security, legal services, and law enforcement. Conclusion: In order to ensure that teens are using digital gadgets responsibly, this study suggests educating and empowering parents through a realistic strategy.