Subjects and Methods: This is a comparative study of analgesic efficacy between aspirin, diclofenac and ketorolac. 40 albino rats were taken and divided into 4 equal groups. Group A, B, C and D treated with normal saline, Aspirin, diclofenac and ketorolac respectively. Results: Significant increase in reaction time was observed with aspirin, diclofenac and ketorolac (p<0.001) using hotplate analgesia meter. Increase in tail flick latency was also found with all three drugs. Ketorolac produces 6.7 second increase in tail flick latency. Conclusion: NSAIDs are the first line of management in acute and chronic pain. Ketorolac is more effective than other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Key words:NSAIDs, Aspirin, Diclofenac, Ketorolac

Objectives: To Analyze and compare the effect of oral vs parenteral iron therapyon various hematological parameters in women suffering from post-partum iron deficiencyanemia. Study Design: Comparative, randomized and prospective study. Setting: Departmentof Pharmacology, HCMD, HU in collaboration with the Dept of Obs/Gynae, JPMC Karachi.Period: January to December 2015. Subjects and Methods: 40 patients divided in two groupsA and B of 20 each. Group A received oral iron (Tab Iberet 525 mg once daily) for a period of 3months while group B was treated with intravenous iron sucrose complex (Inj Venofer 100mg/Amp) the total no of doses were calculated according to Hemoglobin deficit. Hemoglobin,Hematocrit and MCV were observed at day 0, 45 and 90 of the treatment. Results: Group Ashows a mean increase of 25.85% at day 90th of the treatment in comparison to this group Bshows a much better result with a mean increase of 36.71% in Hemoglobin conc. At the end of12 weeks therapy. Conclusion: Parenteral iron therapy was found to be an effective means oftreatment in patients with postpartum iron deficiency anemia.

Introduction: Dengue fever has emerged as a major arboviral disease with a significant impact oF the disease burden in tropical countries. Aim: The goal of this study was to look at the clinical and laboratory profiles of dengue infection. Methodology: During 2018 and 2019; a cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the epidemiological and clinical features of dengue fever in the Gadap region of Karachi, Pakistan. Results: Positive cases were reported during the study period, which spanned the months of August to December following the monsoon season. Among the 200 positive patients, 160 had dengue fever (DF) and 40 had dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) (male 160 and female 40). Fever was the most common symptom, followed by Arthralgia/Myalgia, Headache, and Vomiting. Patients with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever had a higher rate of haemorrhage. Thrombocytopenia and leucopenia were discovered to be common laboratory findings in patients with Dengue fever and Dengue hemorrhagic fever. Conclusion: Clinical and laboratory characteristics of dengue cases studied could be used to identify patients at risk of severe dengue fever early on.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of violence among medical doctors in public sector hospitals of Karachi relating to physical violence, psychological violence (verbal and bullying/mobbing), sexual harassment and racial harassment). Methods:  A cross-sectional study was carried out in three public sector hospitals in Karachi (JPMC, Civil Hospital and Sindh Government Lyari General Hospital Karachi). Medical doctors of any age and gender who worked in outpatient departments, wards, and emergency departments were eligible to participate in the study. A validated WHO-designed questionnaire was used, with questions about exposure to violence, the source and types of violence, and socio-demographic information. In descriptive statistics, frequencies and percentages were reported for all categorical variables. The Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to investigate the relationship between workplace violence and other types of violence. Results: 350 questionnaires were distributed to qualified medical doctors in total. Only 300 of them responded, for an 85.7 percent response rate. The majority of respondents were under the age of 40, and male gender was slightly more exposed to violence. The majority of the doctors were subjected to verbal abuse as well as bullying and mobbing. Conclusion: It was then concluded that any type of violence was common in doctors aged >35 years and male gender was more exposed to any violence as compare to female gander. The main type of violence was verbal violence in our study, whereas racial harassment and sexual harassment was also seen.

ABSTRACT… Objectives: To Analyze and compare the effect of oral vs parenteral iron therapy on various hematological parameters in women suffering from post-partum iron deficiency anemia. Study Design: Comparative, randomized and prospective study. Setting: Department of Pharmacology, HCMD, HU in collaboration with the Dept of Obs/Gynae, JPMC Karachi. Period: January to December 2015. Subjects and Methods: 40 patients divided in two groups A and B of 20 each. Group A received oral iron (Tab Iberet 525 mg once daily) for a period of 3 months while group B was treated with intravenous iron sucrose complex (Inj Venofer 100mg/ Amp) the total no of doses were calculated according to Hemoglobin deficit. Hemoglobin, Hematocrit and MCV were observed at day 0, 45 and 90 of the treatment. Results: Group A shows a mean increase of 25.85% at day 90 th of the treatment in comparison to this group B shows a much better result with a mean increase of 36.71% in Hemoglobin conc. At the end of 12 weeks therapy. Conclusion: Parenteral iron therapy was found to be an effective means of treatment in patients with postpartum iron deficiency anemia. Key words:Post-partum iron deficiency anemia, oral iron, parenteral iron, hemoglobin. Article Citation: Turab SM, Furqan M, Jamali SN, Zaidi SA. Postpartum iron deficiency anemia; comparative efficacy and safety of intravenous vs oral iron therapy.