Background: Diarrhea founds to be the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children less than five years. Various factors are associated with diarrhea but socio-demographic factors are the main key elements, which associated with diarrhea. Methods: This study was examined association of socio-demographic factors with diarrhea in children less than five years of age of Sindh, Pakistan, using data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) conducted from January 2014 to August 2014. Data were collected for 18,108 children in whom 16,449 children had complete data of demographic variables being included in the analysis. Bivariate analysis was done using Pearson's Chi square test and multivariate analysis being done using binary logistic regression. Results: We found increased risk of diarrhea among children lives in rural areas while household wealth index quintile was also associated with diarrhea. Children in the poor, middle and fourth wealth index quintiles being at increased risk of diarrhea compared to children in the richest wealth index quintile. The highest risk of diarrhea was found for the child having mother with no education as well as children aged 12-23 months. Conclusion: Age of child, mother education and wealth index found significant with diarrhea while Male children, child aged 12-23 months, child with no mother education, child from rural areas and child from poor households found with high risk of diarrhea.

Background: HIV/AIDS pandemic continues its deadly assault with more than 20 million deaths all around world since first identified case of aids in United States. The main purpose of present study is to determine the prevalence of HIV/AIDS knowledge as well as its association with socio demographic factors among women in reproductive age from Sindh, Pakistan. Methods: Multiple indicator cluster survey (MICS-5) data were obtained from UNICEF. Total 7,863 women (who heard about HIV/AIDS) were included in study. Women with at least 70% correct answers were considered as adequate knowledge. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 21.Bivariate analysis was done by Pearson's chi square test while univariate and multivariate analysis was done by using binary logistic regression. Results: We found significant association of HIV.AIDS knowledge with age, marital status, education, area and wealth quintile index. Women with age 15-25 and 26-35 years are less likely to have HIV/AIDS knowledge in comparison of women with age>35 years. Currently married women had 1.71 times more likely to have knowledge as compared to women who never married. Formerly married women were 1.162 times more likely to have HIV/AIDS knowledge. Women from urban areas are more likely to have HIV.AIDS knowledge as compared to females from rural areas. Prevalence of HIV/AIDS knowledge was found 44.5% among women in reproductive age from sindh. Conclusion: Women from urban areas were found with more adequate and comprehensive knowledge. Educated women were also found with good comprehensive knowledge.

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