This paper reports the analysis of an automatic intelligent controller for driving a prototype fuel cell electric vehicle over different obstacles while maintaining all systems at maximum efficiency during completion of a race within a specified time. The objective is to reduce driving errors, such as excessive driving, or over revving the throttle while controlling the energy usage at the minimum point and improving driving skills for the Shell Eco-marathon Asia 2014 race. The vehicle is equipped with a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell system, a brush DC motor and a DC/DC converter. This prototype vehicle is a single-seater type of car and has a streamlined body shape that is designed for energy-efficiency racing where the objective is to achieve the furthest distance with the least amount of fuel in a specified time. In the design process, the car's fuel-cell efficiency, energy demand, track behavior, motor efficiency analysis, and driving control strategy need to be monitored and used to verify the designed automated intelligent controller. Experiments on the automated intelligent controller were undertaken to analyze the performance of the powertrain system for a certain given time. This powertrain system for automated intelligent controller analysis is part of the energy efficiency study of the electric vehicle. It forms the knowledge base for the next detailed energy efficiency analysis.

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Kundasang has been identified as one of the major geological hazardous area in Malaysia. This is due to the existence of numerous landslides occurrences at some locations in the Kundasang area. The occurrence of landslide has resulted substantial damaged to the building structure, access road, telecommunication towers and agriculture orchards. Several studies and attempts of landslide investigation have been conducted in the Kundasang area using various methods such as localized drilling method, geodynamic mapping and a regional geological structure mapping. These methods have not gathered sufficient information which is considered important in developing a complete landslide inventory to assess landslide susceptibility due to constraint of time and cost. This paper presents a critical review to determine the potential use of light detection and ranging (LiDAR), specifically airborne laser scanning (ALS) for landslides mapping to assess landslide susceptibility of the Kundasang area. Several researchers found that the usage of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) such as airborne laser scanning (ALS) has been a successful technique in landslides mapping. Availability of this new technology for identification and mapping of landslides will assist in obtaining of landslide inventory in term of providing clear, complete and accurate information to investigator for the process of interpretation. With such comprehensive information, landslide susceptibility assessment can be conducted precisely. Most likely the usage of ALS may be a way forward for investigating the landslide phenomena in Malaysia.

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Kundasang is located in a geohazard zone that consists of two active major regional faults and weak geomaterials with highly weathered, jointed and fractured rock. The existence of active faults are considered as one of the factors which influence the occurrence of large ground movement in the Kundasang area. Kg Lembah Permai which is located adjacent to the Kundasang town is one of the critical affected areas by progressively ground movement that had caused significant destruction to the permanent structures and infrastructures that lead to economic loss to the government and residents, respectively. This paper describes past and new data, and also the outcomes that have been integrated to redefine and update the ground instability mechanism in Kg Lembah Permai. Two new approaches of mapping have been applied. The first is remote mapping which involved detection and interpretation of local faults using Digital Terrain Model (DTM) derived from Lidar image. The second is on-site mapping of geodynamic features in the field using 3D approach. Results showed that most of the destruction exhibited towards +Y and -Z direction which represent the movement towards northeast and vertical downward respectively. From landslide modelling, the rate of displacement, geometry of the sliding surface and the current stability condition of the landslide can be quantified. It is expected that with detailed and comprehensive knowledge, a suitable design of geotechnical solution at difficult ground can be conducted accurately and objectively which eventually could promote sustainable development and enhancing public safety in the Kundasang area.