Aim: To compare the histomorphological changes in the precentral gyrus of cerebral cortex of albino rats by taking green tea and black tea aqueous extract. Study design: Experimental Study Duration of study: 30 days study conducted in Animal Experimental Research Laboratory of PGMI and Department of Anatomy, King Edward Medical University, Lahore. Methodology: 90 albino rats were divided into three groups of 30 animals each. Rats in the group I were given distilled water, while group II and group III received green tea and black tea aqueous extract respectively. At the end of 30 days of experiment, brains were removed and studied for histological changes. Results: When comparison among all the three groups was made at 30 days time, p-value was significant for gliosis i.e. p<0.01. However, experimental group III revealed more gliosis among all the three groups. Necrosis was absent in all the groups and was not statistically analyzed. Conclusion: Gliosis caused by black tea is highly significant as compared to green tea. Key words: Cerebral Cortex, Green tea, Black tea, Gliosis, Necrosis.

Aim: To determine the frequency of anatomical variations of cystic duct. Study design: Descriptive Case Study Place and duration of study: Anatomy Department of King Edward Medical University Lahore and duration of study was from August 2018 to December 2019. Methodology: The dissection of 43 cadavers was done and extra hepatic biliary tract was explored. The length of cystic duct and site of insertion of cystic duct in common hepatic duct was noted. The length of cystic duct <1 cm was taken as short cystic duct and >4cm as long cystic duct. The insertion of cystic duct near porta hepatis is high insertion and near duodenum is low insertion. Results: The mean length of cystic duct was 2.67±0.71 cm. Out of 43 cadavers 2(4.7%) of cadavers had short cystic duct. 41(95.3%) of cadavers had normal length of cystic duct. There was no cadaver observed with long cystic duct. Out of 43 cadavers 39(90.7%) of cadavers had mid insertion of cystic duct, 4(9.3%) of cadavers with high insertion of cystic duct and no cadaver with low insertion. Conclusion: The most common anatomical variation of cystic duct is high insertion of cystic duct 9.3%. Keywords: Anatomical variations, cystic duct, cholecystectomy.