BackgroundOver the last decade, infant and young child feeding (IYCF) indicators in India have improved. However, poor IYCF practices are still apparent, associated with pervasive high rates of child under-nutrition. Interventions to improve IYCF need augmentation by appropriate policy support to consolidate gains. The aim of this study was to identify opportunities to strengthen and support IYCF policies through a policy content and stakeholder network analysis.MethodsIYCF policies and guidelines were systematically mapped and coded using predetermined themes. Six ‘net-map’ group interviews were conducted for stakeholder analysis with data analyzed using ORA (organizational risk analyzer, copyright Carley, Carnegie Mellon University) software. The study was carried out at a national level and in the states of Maharashtra and unified Andhra Pradesh.ResultsThirty relevant policy documents were identified. Support for IYCF was clearly apparent and was actioned within sectoral policies and strategic plans. We identified support for provision of information to mothers and caregivers in both sectoral and high-level/strategic policy documents. At a sectoral level, there was support for training health care workers and for enabling mothers to access IYCF. Opportunities to strengthen policy included expanding coverage and translating policy goals into implementation level documents.At the national level, Ministry of Women and Child Development [MoWCD], Ministry of Health and Family Welfare [MoHFW] and the Prime Minister’s Nutrition Council [PMNC] were the most influential actors in providing technical support while MoHFW, MoWCD, and Bill Melinda Gates Foundation were the most influential actors in providing funding and were therefore influential stakeholders in shaping IYCF policies and programs.ConclusionWe identified a wide range of strengths in the IYCF policy environment in India and also opportunities for improvement. One key strength is the integration of IYCF policies into a range of agendas and guidelines related to health and child development service delivery at the national and state level. However, the lack of a specific national policy on IYCF means that there is no formal mechanism for review and monitoring implementation across sectors and jurisdictions. Another opportunity identified is the development of IYCF policy guidelines in emergencies and for tribal populations.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4339-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Resumen: En esta investigación se analiza la titulación de los periódicos venezolanos El Nacional y Panorama sobre la guerra en Irak, para conocer la recontextualización de ese conflicto en la prensa de ese país. Se sigue el modelo teórico-metodológico de Fernández (2012) que integra el análisis lingüístico con la acción comunicativa y las funciones estratégicas del discurso periodístico. Los resultados permiten caracterizar la conceptualización, el léxico, las construcciones sintácticas y las metáforas. Se concluye que en los titulares el periodista deja marcas lingüísticas de su subjetividad, que se privilegian los actantes principales de los hechos y no se exploran las causas y las posibles consecuencias de los acontecimientos, lo cual no contribuye con el entendimiento de procesos complejos como los que involucra la guerra. Palabras claves: titulación periodística -tratamiento informativo del conflicto -metáforasAbstract: This paper recontextualizes the Iraq war in the Venezuelan press through the analysis of headlines of two national newspapers, El Nacional and Panorama. It follows the theoretical and methodological model of Fernandez (2012) IntroducciónEn el título se resume la idea principal de la información y se define el enfoque u orientación que el medio otorga al acontecimiento presentado (van Dijk, 1990), por lo que constituye una muestra representativa de todo el cuerpo del texto. Si a esto agregamos las rutinas de lectura del periódico, en las que el examen superficial involucra la revisión únicamente de los títulos, su construcción influirá de modo determinante en la visión del conflicto que reciban los receptores. A continuación se presenta un análisis lingüístico del tratamiento informativo que los medios impresos venezolanos Panorama y El Nacional le concedieron a la guerra en Irak 1 , centrado en los titulares. Se sigue el modelo PACEM (Pragmática y Acción Comunicativa para el Entendimiento y la Mediación) propuesto por Fernández (2012), fundamentado en la gramática comunicativa de Franco (2007), con el propósito de caracterizar la construcción lingüístico-discursiva de los titulares de prensa que conforman la muestra y validar la pertinencia de este modelo para la comprensión de la actuación de los periodistas en la recontextualización de los conflictos. Fundamentación Teórica El análisis lingüístico-comunicativo del discurso periodísticoEn la producción del discurso periodístico, el periodista parte de un nivel referencial, en virtud de que percibe en la esfera pública (Habermas, 1992) los elementos que intervienen en el hecho noticioso: sus participantes (actantes), las causas, las acciones emprendidas y las posibles consecuencias; posteriormente, se forma un esquema conceptual (conceptualización) del evento, de sus entidades y comportamientos, se asignan los roles de agente/agresor, paciente/víctima…, de acuerdo con el mapa del conflicto que se haya trazado, influido por los estereotipos, la ética discursiva… Aquí el periodista exhibe su competencia axiológica como mediador del conflicto...
This article examines the impact of the anglicizing language policies implemented after the annexation of the U.S. borderlands to the United States on language use by describing the language and translation practices of Spanish-language newspapers published in the U.S. borderlands across different sociohistorical periods from 1808 to 1930. Sixty Hispanic-American newspapers (374 issues) from 1808 to 1980 were selected for analysis. Despite aggressive anglicizing legislation that caused a societal shift of language use from Spanish into English in most borderland states after the annexation, the current study suggests that the newspapers resisted assimilation by adhering to the Spanish language in the creation of original content and in translation.
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